scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Answers from top 10 papers

More filters
Papers (10)Insight
The authors show how Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy outperforms other characterizing techniques for wafer-scale graphene.
This work opens up a whole new vista on how to disperse graphene.
These quasi-one-dimensional (nanoribbons) and quasi-zero-dimensional (quantum dots) graphene nanostructures show a clear route of how to overcome the gapless nature of graphene allowing the confinement of individual carriers and their control by lateral graphene gates and charge detectors.
In addition, the electrolyte can be used to gate the graphene; i. e., a dual-gate structure is realized.
We show how IBS can be used to successfully exfoliate graphite into few-layers graphene yielding highly stable dispersions in water.
A current versus voltage (I(ds)-V(ds)) plot clearly indicates a p-conducting characteristic of the synthesized graphene.
The superior electrochemical performance of the I-doped graphene is explained by the change of graphene lattice, defects and positive charge density introduced by the doping of I atoms.
We demonstrate how graphene quality can be improved by controlling the initial surface morphology to avoid the instabilities inherent in diffusion-limited growth.
This study demonstrates how the radical content of graphene can be enhanced and optimized simply by oxidation and reduction treatments.
We demonstrate how the dopants, combined with oxygen-containing groups alter the reactivity of graphene towards Na.

See what other people are reading

How does the chemical composition of Nb2O5 affect the redox properties of a GCE modified electrode?
5 answers
The chemical composition of Nb2O5 significantly influences the redox properties of a GCE modified electrode. Different studies have explored the synthesis and modification of Nb2O5 to enhance its electrochemical performance. For instance, the synthesis of Nb2O5/rGO composites has shown improved specific capacitance and electron transfer compared to rGO alone. Additionally, in situ doping of alkali metals in Nb2O5 has demonstrated a twofold enhancement in photoelectrochemical water splitting efficiencies, indicating improved charge carrier density and surface charge transfer. Moreover, Nb2O5/graphene nanocomposites have exhibited superior electrochemical conductivity and cyclic stability, making them effective electrodes for supercapacitor applications. These findings collectively highlight the crucial role of Nb2O5 chemical composition in enhancing the redox properties of GCE modified electrodes.
How synthesis carbon nanotubes?
5 answers
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be synthesized using various methods such as arc-discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), ball milling, and other techniques. These methods often involve the use of transition metals like iron, cobalt, and nickel as catalysts to facilitate the growth of single or multi-walled CNTs. While arc-discharge and laser ablation methods are heat-intensive and favor specific types of CNTs, CVD offers better control over the synthesis process but may lead to impurity generation, necessitating post-synthesis purification methods. Additionally, green synthesis routes utilizing plant resources, waste materials, and green catalytic methods have been explored to address environmental concerns in CNT production. Functionalization techniques have also been developed to enhance CNT properties for specific applications, such as flame-retardant materials.
How effective is chlorambucil in treating different types of cancer?
7 answers
Chlorambucil, a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, has demonstrated effectiveness in treating various types of cancer through mechanisms such as DNA interstrand crosslinking, which inhibits DNA replication and transcription, leading to cell death in rapidly replicating tumor cells. Its efficacy extends across multiple human cancer cell lines, including colon, prostate, breast, pancreas, lung, and ovarian cancers, with notable potency observed in platinum(IV)-chlorambucil prodrugs, which show remarkable antitumor potential compared to traditional chemotherapy agents. Additionally, chlorambucil has been identified as particularly toxic to BRCA1/2-deficient cells, including those resistant to olaparib and cisplatin, suggesting its potential use against cancers that have developed resistance to these drugs. Innovative delivery systems, such as biocompatible nano-vesicles and self-assembling peptide–drug conjugates, have been developed to enhance chlorambucil's targeting and efficacy against cancer cells while minimizing its toxicity. These systems have shown improved aqueous solubility, cellular uptake, and reduced side effects, indicating clinical potential for cancer treatment. Furthermore, chlorambucil-tetrapeptide conjugate vesicles have demonstrated superior in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity against various cell lines, highlighting the benefits of novel delivery systems in enhancing the drug's therapeutic profile. Despite its efficacy, chlorambucil's role in treatment regimens has evolved with the introduction of new agents, particularly in B-cell malignancies like chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), where it is considered an acceptable chemotherapy backbone for unfit patients due to its low toxicity. However, its effectiveness compared to newer treatments such as purine analogs and targeted therapies like ibrutinib has been debated, with no overall survival benefit observed in some studies. Nonetheless, chlorambucil remains a valuable component of combination therapies, especially for patients who are not candidates for more aggressive treatments.
How to prepare PANI tio2 composite for dssc application?
4 answers
To prepare PANI/TiO2 composites for DSSC applications, various methods can be employed based on the research findings. One approach involves in-situ polymerization of PANI with TiO2 nanoparticles. Another method includes the preparation of doped PANI with ZnO-TiO2 nanoparticles through in-situ polymerization, enhancing the structural properties and crystallinity of the composite. Additionally, the casting method can be utilized to fabricate PANI/PMMA-TiO2 nanocomposites, where the TiO2 nanoparticles contribute to improved thermal stability and optical properties of the blend. Furthermore, the sol-gel technique can be employed to create PANI/Sn+2/TiO2 nanocomposites, demonstrating enhanced electrical conductivity and homogenous distribution of nanomaterial within the polymer matrix. These methods offer promising routes for developing efficient PANI/TiO2 composites for DSSC applications.
Why are carbon nanotubes considered such a promising material for various applications in science and technology?
5 answers
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are highly promising materials due to their exceptional properties like high Young's modulus, electrical and thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength. These properties make CNTs attractive for applications in various fields such as biomedicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, sensors, and energy storage. Functionalized CNTs offer a higher surface-to-volume ratio, making them suitable for carrying molecules for targeting, therapy, and imaging in biomedical applications. Moreover, CNTs can be modified to address toxicity concerns, enhancing their safety for use in diagnostics, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. The unique combination of properties in CNTs positions them as versatile materials with immense potential for advancing science and technology across multiple disciplines.
Why has a quantum dot solar cell not a very high efficiency?
5 answers
Quantum dot solar cells face efficiency challenges due to various factors. Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) suffer from carrier recombination issues within the material, impacting performance. Additionally, the inability to convert photons below the bandgap energy and thermalization of photon energies exceeding the bandgap contribute to efficiency losses in single bandgap solar cells. To address these challenges, studies have explored different approaches. For instance, incorporating InAs quantum dot layers in GaAs structures has shown improved efficiency up to 27.4%. Furthermore, introducing (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS) on CQD films enhances mechanical stability without compromising efficiency, achieving a PCE of 11.04%. These findings highlight ongoing efforts to enhance quantum dot solar cell efficiency through material optimization and structural modifications.
What are the current trends and demand for photoluminescent pigments in various industries?
5 answers
The current trends and demand for photoluminescent pigments are on the rise across various industries. Photoluminescent pigments, known for emitting light in dim conditions, are gaining popularity in textiles, paints, coatings, prints, vinyl stickers, and polymer applications. Additionally, these pigments are being increasingly utilized in construction and automotive sectors, further boosting market growth. In the realm of smart materials, photoluminescent glass is being developed for photonics, lighting, and photovoltaics applications, offering eco-friendly and recyclable solutions with enhanced optical properties. Furthermore, the synthesis of photoluminescent carbon dots is opening up avenues in optoelectronics, bio-imaging, catalysis, and sensing, with potential applications in solar cells and optoelectronic devices. These advancements underscore the diverse and expanding demand for photoluminescent pigments in various industries.
What is the material composition of a LTO battery?
5 answers
The material composition of a Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) battery typically involves the utilization of LTO combined with other materials to enhance its properties. Various studies have explored different composite structures to improve the performance of LTO batteries. These composites include LTO/polyether sulfone (PES) synthesized via laser ablation, LTO combined with carbon nanostructures like graphene (G) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), LTO with graphene synthesized through reduction processes, LTO with graphene added through a sol-gel method, and mesoporous LTO microspheres with carbon-coatings formed through phase separation of block copolymers. These composite structures aim to address the challenges of low electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusivity in LTO, enhancing the overall performance of LTO batteries.
What are metal complexes and titanium metal complex?
4 answers
Metal complexes are compounds involving a metal ion bonded to one or more ligands. Titanium metal complexes are specifically compounds where titanium is the central metal atom. These complexes have various applications, such as catalyst supports, production of titanium alloy materials, and as raw materials for thin film production. Titanium(IV) coordination complexes, a type of titanium metal complex, have been explored for their potential in anticancer treatments due to their low toxicity and hydrolysis into inert titanium dioxide in biological environments. Despite challenges like rapid hydrolysis, efforts to enhance stability and efficacy have led to promising derivatives with improved anticancer properties. Overall, titanium metal complexes offer a wide range of possibilities in different fields due to their unique properties and reactivity.
What is phosphene?
4 answers
Phosphene refers to the perception of light without external visual stimulation, induced by electrical currents on the retina, optic nerve, or cortex. It has potential applications in assisting the blind, guiding visually impaired individuals by creating visual percepts through cutaneous electrical stimulation. Phosphenes can be harnessed for biomedical purposes, like in a walking support system for the blind, where electrical interference between electrodes must be managed to precisely present phosphenes. Phosphene induction can vary based on the frequency and intensity of electrical stimulation, leading to different types and attributes of perceived phosphenes. The ability to control the orientation of phosphenes can enable direct transmission of visual information into the visual field, showcasing the diverse potential applications of this phenomenon.
Can thermal induce dipole arrangement in graphene oxide film?
5 answers
Thermal effects can induce dipole arrangements in graphene oxide films. Research shows that in graphene with dislocation dipoles, thermal equilibrium leads to the movement of dislocations, forming new dipoles and transforming into Stone-Wales defects. Additionally, in graphene/polymer films, thermal annealing under an external electric field induces phase separation, enriching specific phases above graphene layers. Moreover, in a normal/ferromagnetic/normal graphene junction, applying a temperature gradient generates spin currents that cancel each other out, resulting in pure spin currents, which can be modulated by adjusting parameters like gate voltage and Fermi energy. These findings collectively suggest that thermal effects can indeed induce dipole arrangements in graphene oxide films, impacting their structural and electrical properties.