scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Answers from top 10 papers

More filters
Papers (10)Insight
Viruses that do not cause a cytopathic effect in cell culture may escape detection by conventional methods and molecular methods may therefore prove useful for screening for hitherto unknown viruses.
The results do show that SARS-CoV follows the general fusion mechanism of class I viruses and this lays the ground for identification of virus fusion/entry inhibitors for this devastating emerging virus.
Is it more common for viruses to persist as protein-bound virion particles, or do …
These findings indicate that S7- and S7+ IELs are differentially mobilized during the immune response to reovirus infection; that the regulated expression of ICOS is associated with S7+ IELs; and that stimulation of IELs through ICOS enhances IFN-gamma synthesis during infection.
The method do not require any extraction and/or biomarkers for detection of target viruses and can identify trace of different pathogenic viruses in about 1 min.
The beta-galactosidase-expressing viruses grow to lower titers than do the parental viruses, leading to a relative growth advantage for viruses resulting from overlap recombination.
If so, viruses definitively do have sex, through recombination.
Thus, PMMoV appears to be a suitable surrogate for human enteric viruses, whereas MS2 and φX174 do not, for the assessment of the efficacy of membrane filtration processes to remove viruses.
These insights into coral reef viruses provide an important framework for future research into how viruses contribute to the health and evolution of reef organisms.
Combined analyses reveal how viruses interact within the holobiont and how viral symbiotic cooperation occurs.

See what other people are reading

What is the role of the microbiome in cancer?
5 answers
The microbiome plays a crucial role in cancer initiation, progression, treatment outcomes, and toxicity. It influences various physiological processes, immune modulation, and cancer immunotherapies, impacting cancer development and therapy efficacy. The gut microbiota, including CRC-promoting and CRC-protecting bacterial species, affects colorectal cancer development, diagnosis, and treatment. Intratumoral microbial components are closely linked to cancer initiation, progression, and therapy efficacy, modulating antitumor immunity and cancer cell physiology through different signaling pathways. Disruption of the oral microbiome is associated with head and neck cancer risk factors, impacting treatment effectiveness and toxicity. Additionally, microbiomes influence cancer metastasis through mechanisms like EMT, immunity, FSS, and MMPs, highlighting their role in cancer progression and therapy responses.
What is the role of neutrophils in cystic fibrosis lung infections?
5 answers
Neutrophils play a crucial role in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infections. In CF, the loss of function of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane-conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene leads to aberrant neutrophil behavior, including premature priming and dysregulated responses to challenges. Neutrophils in CF lungs are defective in producing hypochlorous acid, providing a survival advantage to specific pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, in CF airways, a subset of neutrophils releases tissue-damaging neutrophil elastase, contributing to lung damage. Studies show that neutrophils efficiently kill Mycobacterium avium when opsonized with plasma factors from healthy donors, highlighting the importance of complement opsonization in neutrophil-mediated killing of pathogens in CF.
What is the name of longnon coding rna have role in plants against C. albicans?
5 answers
In plants, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in response to various stresses, including pathogen infections like C. albicans. While C. albicans is a common fungal pathogen in humans, the specific lncRNA involved in plant defense against this fungus is not explicitly mentioned in the provided contexts. However, studies have highlighted the significance of lncRNAs in plant stress responses, including biotic stress caused by pathogens. These lncRNAs interact with DNA, RNA, and proteins to regulate gene expression and modulate biological processes like immune responses. Although the exact lncRNA name related to C. albicans defense in plants is not specified, the broader understanding of lncRNA functions in stress responses underscores their importance in plant-pathogen interactions.
What is the involvement of nitric oxide in cancer initiation, progression and metastases ?
5 answers
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a significant role in cancer initiation, progression, and metastases. It is involved in tumor survival, proliferation, and resistance to various anti-cancer treatments, leading to increased aggressiveness of surviving cells and promoting metastatic dissemination. NO's dual behavior in carcinogenesis involves both tumoricidal and tumor-promoting effects, impacting angiogenesis, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Targeting nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce metastatic capacity and enhance the efficacy of chemo/radiotherapies in solid malignancies. Additionally, NO produced by activated endothelial NOS (eNOS) promotes tumor progression by stimulating angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis, suggesting that inhibiting eNOS activity could be a potential therapeutic approach to reduce metastasis and tumor growth.
Could ICD inducer, TGF-beta inhibitor and PD-1 be combined?
5 answers
Combining an ICD inducer, TGF-beta inhibitor, and PD-1 could be a promising approach in cancer treatment. TGF-beta plays a role in immunosuppression and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors like PD-1. Inhibiting TGF-beta can enhance immune function and response to therapy. Additionally, combining a TGF-beta inhibitor with PD-1 blockade has shown significant therapeutic benefits in preclinical models. Furthermore, the combination of a PD-1 axis binding antagonist, TGF-beta inhibitor, and DNA-PK inhibitor, along with other agents, has been proposed for cancers with PD-L1 expression, indicating the potential for synergistic effects. Therefore, the combination of an ICD inducer, TGF-beta inhibitor, and PD-1 holds promise in overcoming resistance mechanisms and improving treatment outcomes in cancer therapy.
What are literature review related to the HMLV?
5 answers
The literature review on human betaherpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) highlights its taxonomy, etiological features, and association with various diseases of the nervous system, heart, and other organs. Additionally, HHV-6 has been linked to infectious mononucleosis and exanthemа subitum, especially in children under 2 years old. Furthermore, HHV-6 encephalitis can occur in both pediatric and adult patients, with immunocompromised individuals being more susceptible. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is another common herpesvirus associated with various human diseases, infecting a large percentage of the global population. HCMV can establish latent infections in immunocompromised individuals and is linked to dose-limiting toxicity with available antivirals. The review also discusses the relationship between coronaviruses and weather conditions, suggesting that cold and dry climates may contribute to more effective transmission of certain coronaviruses. Additionally, the association between Herpesviruses and chronic periodontitis is explored, indicating a potential link between CMV, EBV, HSV, and disease severity.
Jurkat cell이 IL-2R를 발현하나요?
4 answers
Yes, I am familiar with Jurkat cell IL-2R. Studies have shown that the Jurkat cell line, which is a model of T cell signaling, expresses the α-subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2Rα). Activation of Jurkat cells by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) leads to an increase in CD25-positive cells, indicating IL-2Rα expression. Interestingly, IL-2 alone or in combination with other agents does not induce CD25 expression in Jurkat cells. Additionally, inhibitors targeting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway from the IL-2 receptor to CD25 have been shown to affect Jurkat cell growth and cell cycle progression. This information highlights the role of IL-2R in Jurkat cells and its significance in T cell biology and signaling pathways.
Is zinc plays a multiple role in cell signaling?
4 answers
Yes, zinc plays multiple roles in cell signaling, acting as a crucial element in both intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways across various biological systems. Zinc's involvement in cell signaling extends from acting as a structural component and cofactor for numerous proteins to functioning as an ionic regulator of immune responses and a signaling molecule within the central nervous system (CNS). Intracellularly, zinc influences kinase signaling pathways, notably ERK and Akt, through fluctuations in labile zinc concentrations, which are not toxic and do not activate stress-dependent signaling under certain conditions. This modulation of signaling pathways underscores zinc's role in healthy cell signaling and its potential impact on cell physiology. Furthermore, zinc has been identified as an intracellular signaling molecule, akin to calcium, influencing various cell functions by converting extracellular stimuli to intracellular signals. In the context of neurotransmission, zinc acts as a neurotransmitter, influencing the function of neurotransmitter receptors and activating specific receptors whose primary ligand is zinc itself, thereby regulating neuronal excitation. Zinc signaling also plays a pivotal role in immune responses, with its homeostasis and signaling mechanisms being essential for the regulation of inflammatory and allergic responses. Zinc signaling is not limited to human physiology; it also occurs in bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and fish, indicating its fundamental role across different organisms. The homeostatic control of cellular zinc metabolism and signaling ensures specificity in zinc's functions, avoiding interference by other metal ions. In the intestinal epithelium, zinc activates signaling pathways that are crucial for maintaining barrier function and overall intestinal health. Collectively, these roles highlight zinc's multifaceted contributions to cell signaling, impacting a wide range of physiological processes and disease states.
Are clinicians still using DTH skin testing?
5 answers
Clinicians are indeed still utilizing Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testing in various clinical scenarios. DTH skin testing is considered a valuable tool for assessing cell-mediated immunity (CMI) responses. It has been used to predict cellular immune responses to mRNA vaccines for COVID-19, showing positive skin responses and humoral responses at different time points. Additionally, DTH skin testing has been employed in evaluating HIV-infected patients, demonstrating its clinical relevance in predicting disease progression and mortality. The technique involves intradermal administration of antigens to assess immune responses, making it a practical and cost-effective method for monitoring immune function. Overall, DTH skin testing remains a significant component of clinical immunology, aiding in diagnosing diseases, monitoring immune responses, and predicting outcomes in various patient populations.
What are the different composition of omvs in gram-negative bacteria?]?
5 answers
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in Gram-negative bacteria are spherical nanoparticles containing various components crucial for bacterial survival and pathogenesis. These vesicles typically consist of outer membrane and periplasmic proteins, toxins, nucleic acids, and peptidoglycan fragments. OMVs are enriched with immunogenic molecules, including antigenic proteins, making them attractive for vaccine development. Additionally, OMVs play a role in bacterial communication, host-pathogen interactions, and antibiotic resistance. They can modulate host immune responses, initiate inflammation, and activate innate immunity. Moreover, OMVs can carry antibiotic-degrading enzymes, contributing to bacterial resistance. The multifaceted composition of OMVs underscores their significance in bacterial physiology, pathogenesis, and potential applications in vaccine discovery and drug delivery research.
What are the potential benefits and risks of using L-tyrosine as a dietary supplement?
5 answers
L-tyrosine supplementation shows promise in enhancing cognitive performance by reducing response times and potentially improving decision-making processes. However, in the context of phenylketonuria (PKU), where tyrosine is essential due to phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency, supplementation may be crucial to prevent neurological and psychological complications. On the other hand, high dietary consumption of tyramine, a product of tyrosine metabolism, is associated with increased colorectal cancer risk by promoting cell proliferation, DNA damage, and inflammation in the colon. In the case of nemaline myopathy (NM), L-tyrosine treatments did not significantly improve skeletal muscle function in animal models, despite elevating tyrosine levels in blood and muscle tissue. Therefore, while L-tyrosine may offer cognitive benefits and aid in specific medical conditions, caution is warranted due to potential risks associated with its metabolism products.