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Also, the Apple Watch systematically overestimates EE in this group of patients.
Caution might therefore be warranted when using the Apple Watch for measuring EE.
After collecting 229 completed online questionnaires about the Apple Watch, and applying a structural equation modeling approach, our findings indicate that smartwatch usage is positively influenced by Perceived Usefulness.
The Apple Watch™ has good to very good criterion validity for measuring HRmax, with no substantial under- or over-estimation.
Based on the findings of this study, it appears Apple Watch heart rate technology is comparable to chest strap heart rate monitors during various modes of physical activity.
At this moment, however, it is too early to recommend the Apple Watch for cardiac rehabilitation.
The performance of the Apple Watch compares favorably to the clinically validated Actiwatch in a normal environment.
If confirmed, it might be considered safe to incorporate the Apple Watch in HR-guided training programs in the setting of cardiac rehabilitation.

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How have zoological gardens contributed to the conservation efforts of scimitar-horned species?
5 answers
Zoological gardens have played a crucial role in the conservation efforts of scimitar-horned species by utilizing various strategies. These include implementing heart rate biologging to monitor wildlife responses to stressors and aid in reintroductions, aligning their work with the Global Biodiversity Framework to prevent species extinction, employing genetic management to ensure population viability through preventing inbreeding and maintaining genome-wide variation, utilizing advanced genomic technologies to develop comprehensive resources for species management and monitoring, and establishing a coordinated metacollection infrastructure to track and manage individuals across institutions for long-term viability of captive populations. By integrating these approaches, zoological gardens have significantly contributed to the conservation of scimitar-horned species, enhancing their chances of survival and successful reintroduction into the wild.
How is the quality of the sleep to a mum of a baby while breastfeeding ?
5 answers
The quality of sleep for mothers while breastfeeding can be influenced by various factors. Research indicates that poor sleep quality in new mothers can impact breastfeeding self-efficacy. Additionally, the number of nighttime feeds, rather than breastfeeding itself, is strongly associated with shorter sleep duration and poor sleep efficiency for mothers. A study comparing breastfeeding and bottle-feeding mothers found no significant difference in total sleep quality or fatigue levels, suggesting that the method of feeding does not directly affect maternal sleep quality. To improve maternal sleep quality, it is essential to consider the impact of sleep on breastfeeding self-efficacy and provide adequate social support and postpartum care services. Educating parents on effective sleep interventions and sharing nighttime infant care among caregivers could help reduce postpartum sleep disturbances and enhance maternal well-being.
What are the most significant barriers to accessing HBV vaccines in different regions or populations?
5 answers
Accessing HBV vaccines faces various barriers across different regions and populations. Barriers include limited knowledge about HBV, misconceptions, and challenges in healthcare staffing capacity among healthcare providers. Sociodemographic factors like lower household wealth index, inadequate antenatal visits, home deliveries, and distance to health facilities contribute to incomplete immunization in West African countries. System issues, caregiver education, fear of side effects, and poor communication by healthcare workers are common barriers globally. In high-risk populations, separate appointments for vaccination, fear of side effects, lack of healthcare provider recommendations, and absence of monitoring for completing the 3-dose vaccination hinder HBV vaccine uptake. Addressing these barriers through education, improved healthcare access, and tailored vaccination strategies is crucial for achieving the WHO 2030 hepatitis elimination target.
Effects of dieting on sporting performance?
5 answers
Diet plays a crucial role in sporting performance, impacting various aspects such as energy levels, recovery, body composition, and overall health. Vegetarian diets rich in phytochemicals and antioxidants can benefit athletes, but anti-nutritional factors like high fiber content may hinder nutrient absorption. Low-carbohydrate diets have shown potential in improving body composition and relative power in endurance athletes. Proper nutrition, including adequate intake of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, is essential for optimal training, quick recovery, and reducing the risk of illness and injury in athletes. Balancing macronutrients and micronutrients is key to supporting muscle function, energy levels, and overall performance in sports.
What are the common patterns observed in the relationship between mental illness and relapse?
5 answers
Patterns observed in the relationship between mental illness and relapse include various factors influencing relapse rates and outcomes. Factors such as non-adherence to medication, high levels of internalized stigma, lack of social support, negative attitudes towards mental illness, and dysfunctional family dynamics have been identified as significant contributors to relapse. Additionally, psychosocial factors like lack of knowledge, unsupportive family members, medication non-compliance, and financial crises have been highlighted as key influencers of relapse in mental illness patients. Furthermore, fear of illness recurrence and mental health anxiety have been associated with maladaptive coping behaviors, potentially exacerbating the risk of relapse. Understanding and addressing these factors are crucial in developing effective interventions to prevent relapse and improve outcomes for individuals with mental illness.
What are the demographic factors influencing Ghanaians' decision to use homecare services?
5 answers
Demographic factors influencing Ghanaians' decision to use homecare services include gender, income level, education, and cultural beliefs. Gender plays a role, with females being less likely to be dissatisfied with formal healthcare services. Income level also impacts satisfaction, as those earning more are more likely to be dissatisfied with formal healthcare services. Education is a significant factor, with those having a high school education being less likely to be dissatisfied. Cultural and religious beliefs, such as being a practitioner of traditional African religion or being Muslim, significantly predict home delivery over skilled care. These factors collectively influence the utilization of healthcare services, highlighting the importance of considering diverse demographic aspects in healthcare policy planning and implementation.
How does cardiovascular endurance contribute to the overall performance of netball players?
5 answers
Cardiovascular endurance plays a crucial role in the overall performance of netball players. Research indicates that netball match play and training sessions impose significant cardiovascular demands, with centers exhibiting higher player load per minute compared to other positions. Moreover, interventions like contrast water therapy and cold water immersion have shown positive effects on reducing lactate levels and improving recovery post-exercise, highlighting the importance of efficient cardiovascular recovery strategies in maintaining performance. Additionally, studies have shown that increased directional changes during shuttle running elevate cardiovascular responses and perceptual load, emphasizing the need for good cardiovascular fitness to cope with the physiological demands of the sport. Enhancing cardiovascular endurance through tailored training programs can lead to improvements in power and overall fitness, ultimately benefiting netball performance.
How does the winsorization work?
10 answers
Winsorization is a statistical technique employed to limit extreme values in data to reduce the impact of outliers. This method works by replacing the data points that are beyond a certain threshold, typically defined by percentiles, with the values at those percentile limits. For instance, in the context of importance sampling, winsorization involves adaptively choosing a threshold level among a pre-defined set by balancing the bias and variance of the estimator when winsorized at different levels, thereby trading off some bias for reduced variance. This approach is grounded in the Balancing Principle, or Lepskii's Method, which provides a principled way to perform winsorization with finite-sample optimality guarantees. In practical applications, winsorization has been shown to effectively handle outliers in various fields. For example, in sheep farm data, winsorization removed extreme values introduced by measurement errors, significantly improving the accuracy of estimations. Similarly, in the construction of composite indicators, winsorization based on a robust estimate of the distribution of sub-indicators was used to limit the propagation effect of extreme values, thereby ensuring a more accurate ranking of entities. Winsorization has also been adapted in machine learning and pattern classification to enhance model robustness against outliers. It was found that different probabilistic machine learning techniques exhibit varying levels of efficiency when dealing with outlier-prone data, with or without winsorization. Moreover, a winsorized tree-based classifier and a robust linear discriminant analysis model incorporating winsorization for estimating location measures have been developed to improve classification accuracy and handle outliers more effectively. Furthermore, the technique has been applied in regression-based earnings forecasting models, where it was observed to improve forecast performance by altering the information set in a beneficial manner, especially when dealing with data errors in the tails of the distribution. Lastly, in hierarchical data modeling, winsorization was used to address outliers, resulting in better model fitting as indicated by lower root mean squared error, AIC, and BIC values.
How does the climate affect the performance of green roofs in reducing urban heat island?
5 answers
The performance of green roofs in mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) effect is significantly influenced by the climate, as evidenced by research across various geographical settings. In tropical climates, such as Malaysia, green roofs have been shown to effectively reduce surface temperatures by increasing air moisture and surface wetness, thereby combating the UHI effect. The temperature difference between urban areas and their suburban counterparts can be as high as 5˚C, with green roofs offering a substantial cooling benefit by lowering surface temperatures significantly compared to conventional non-green roofs. Similarly, in warm and humid climates, green roofs and walls have demonstrated a considerable positive impact on improving thermal comfort and reducing UHI through decreased air temperature, radiant temperature, humidity, and solar gain, alongside reducing total energy consumption and cooling demand of buildings. The effectiveness of green roofs varies with the climate zone, as shown in a study across different temperature zones in China. Cool roofs and green roofs both contribute to lowering regional ambient temperatures and building energy use, with their performance being notably effective in hot summer and warm winter areas. However, the cooling intensity of green roofs decreases under extreme heat conditions, suggesting that their performance is somewhat diminished during more severe temperature peaks. In Mediterranean climates, the potential of green roofs for evapotranspiration and cooling energy savings is significant due to high solar radiation levels. Yet, the effectiveness is constrained by low rainfall, indicating that irrigation strategies need to be optimized to balance water consumption with energy savings. Experimental measurements further support the climate-dependent performance of green roofs, showing reduced daily temperature variance and enhanced rainwater retention, which contribute to UHI mitigation. Research also highlights the importance of considering urban space configuration and vegetation coverage rates on green roofs for optimizing thermal comfort in different urban areas. Moreover, urban heat island mitigation strategies, including rooftop greening, have shown varying degrees of air temperature reduction across cities, underscoring the need for localized climate adaptation strategies. Comprehensive literature reviews confirm the multidisciplinary benefits of green roofs, including energy savings, which vary across different climates, emphasizing the necessity of climate-specific evaluations to quantify energy effectiveness. In summary, the climate plays a crucial role in determining the efficacy of green roofs in reducing the UHI effect, with performance varying across tropical, warm and humid, and Mediterranean climates, as well as under extreme heat conditions. This variability underscores the importance of tailoring green roof designs and irrigation strategies to specific climatic conditions to maximize their cooling and energy-saving potentials.
What acoustic features can be reliably measures on Zoom?
5 answers
Acoustic features that can be reliably measured on Zoom include spectral measures of sibilants and vowel formant data. Research indicates that Zoom recordings may yield different acoustic measurements compared to in-person recordings, with lower peak, center of gravity, and standard deviation values for sibilants, and discrepancies in raw F1 and F2 values for vowels. However, normalization methods like Lobanov normalization and using specific recording setups, such as wearing headphones and using an external microphone, can help minimize these discrepancies. Additionally, studies have explored the possibility of applying objective methods for audio quality assessment on an acoustic zooming system, highlighting the importance of evaluating sound parameters for quality assessment. Acoustic zooming effects have also been investigated, proposing a theory and system for achieving acoustic zooming aligned with visual zoom in audiovisual systems.
What is the repeatability of pelli robson near vision chart?
4 answers
The repeatability of the Pelli-Robson near vision chart varies across different studies. In one study comparing the Ohio Contrast Cards and the Pelli-Robson chart, the ±95% limits of agreement were similar for both tests, indicating good repeatability. Another study evaluating computer-generated versions of the Pelli-Robson test on LCD systems found varying results: one system showed significantly higher contrast sensitivity compared to the Pelli-Robson chart, while the other showed significantly lower sensitivity, affecting repeatability differently. Additionally, a study comparing the SPARCS test to the Pelli-Robson chart in glaucoma patients found that SPARCS had better repeatability based on the coefficient of repeatability values, making it a preferred alternative for contrast sensitivity assessment.