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Journal Article•DOI Nanoelectronic biosensors based on CVD grown graphene Yinxi Huang, Xiaochen Dong, Yumeng Shi, Chang Ming Li, Lain-Jong Li, Peng Chen - Show less +5 more 04 Aug 2010-Nanoscale 403 Citations	This study indicates that graphene is a promising candidate for the development of real-time nanoelectronic biosensors.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Adsorbate transport on graphene by electromigration. Dmitry Solenov, Kirill A. Velizhanin - Show less +1 more 30 Aug 2012-Physical Review Letters 30 Citations	In many applications it is important to be able to transport adsorbates on graphene in real time.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Applications of Graphene at Microwave Frequencies Maurizio Bozzi, Luca Pierantoni, Stefano Bellucci - Show less +2 more 01 Sep 2015-Radioengineering 91 Citations	In particular, graphene has shown proven results as an emblematic protagonist, and a real solution for a wide variety of microwave electronic devices and circuits.
Journal Article•DOI Design of softened polystyrene for crack- and contamination-free large-area graphene transfer Tuqeer Nasir, Bum Jun Kim, Kwan-Woo Kim, Sang Hoon Lee, Hyung Kyu Lim, Dong Kyu Lee, Byung Joo Jeong, Hak Chul Kim, Hak Ki Yu, Jae-Young Choi - Show less +9 more 29 Nov 2018-Nanoscale 14 Citations	Our result gave a technical milestone for the real industrial application of graphene in many application areas (not only graphene but also several two-dimensional materials such as boron nitride, transition metal di-chalcogenide, and black phosphorus).
Journal Article•DOI Structural, chemical and electrical characterisation of conductive graphene-polymer composite films. Barry Brennan, Steve J. Spencer, Natalie A. Belsey, Tsegie Faris, Harry M. Cronin, S. Ravi P. Silva, Toby Sainsbury, Ian S. Gilmore, Zlatka Stoeva, Andrew J. Pollard - Show less +9 more 01 May 2017-Applied Surface Science 25 Citations	This work provides direct evidence for how accurate and comparable characterisation of the graphene material is required for real-world graphene materials to develop graphene enabled films and proposes a measurement protocol for comparing graphene materials that can be used for international standardisation.
Journal Article•DOI Ellipsometry as a Real-Time Optical Tool for Monitoring and Understanding Graphene Growth on Metals Maria Losurdo, Maria M. Giangregorio, Pio Capezzuto, Giovanni Bruno - Show less +3 more 13 Oct 2011-Journal of Physical Chemistry C 38 Citations	This approach opens a way to in-line real-time graphene metrology and is helpful in guiding the graphene growth process as we try to achieve reproducible and controllable research as w...
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Quantum and electrochemical interplays in hydrogenated graphene. Lin Jiang, Wangyang Fu, Yuvraj Y. Birdja, Marc T. M. Koper, Grégory F. Schneider - Show less +4 more 23 Feb 2018-Nature Communications 42 Citations	Thus, our work unravels the interplay between the quantum transport and electrochemical kinetics of graphene and suggests hydrogenated graphene as a potent material for sensing applications with performances going beyond previously reported graphene transistor-based sensors. Electrochemically-gated graphene field-effect transistors show promise for sensing of charged species in real time.
Journal Article•DOI A review of studies using graphenes in energy conversion, energy storage and heat transfer development Xiaohuan Zhao, Jiaqiang E, Gang Wu, Yuanwang Deng, Dandan Han, Bin Zhang, Zhiqing Zhang - Show less +6 more 15 Mar 2019-Energy Conversion and Management 101 Citations	Based on our work, the researchers can choose graphene products (graphene paper, graphene film, graphene foam or graphene fiber) efficiently according to the research object in the future.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Graphene: a versatile nanoplatform for biomedical applications Yin Zhang, Tapas R. Nayak, Hao Hong, Weibo Cai - Show less +3 more 14 Jun 2012-Nanoscale 474 Citations	Although literature reports have mixed findings, we emphasize that the key question is not how toxic graphene itself is, but how to modify and functionalize it and its derivatives so that they do not exhibit acute/chronic toxicity, can be cleared from the body over time, and thereby can be best used for biomedical applications.
Journal Article•DOI Water can stably disperse liquid-exfoliated graphene Min Yi, Zhigang Shen, Shuaishuai Liang, Lei Liu, Xiaojing Zhang, Shulin Ma - Show less +5 more 31 Oct 2013-Chemical Communications 64 Citations	This work opens up a whole new vista on how to disperse graphene.

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Why are carbon nanotubes considered such a promising material for various applications in science and technology?

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are highly promising materials due to their exceptional properties like high Young's modulus, electrical and thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength. These properties make CNTs attractive for applications in various fields such as biomedicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, sensors, and energy storage. Functionalized CNTs offer a higher surface-to-volume ratio, making them suitable for carrying molecules for targeting, therapy, and imaging in biomedical applications. Moreover, CNTs can be modified to address toxicity concerns, enhancing their safety for use in diagnostics, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. The unique combination of properties in CNTs positions them as versatile materials with immense potential for advancing science and technology across multiple disciplines.How effective is nanofilteration in removing paracetamol from water sources?

Nanofiltration has shown promising effectiveness in removing paracetamol from water sources. Studies have highlighted the successful removal of paracetamol along with other pharmaceuticals using loose nanofiltration membranes, with impressive removal rates ranging from 49% to 99.7%. Additionally, the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been explored for paracetamol removal, showing a high removal efficiency of 95.40% under optimal conditions. Furthermore, the adsorption of paracetamol onto copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) has demonstrated high adsorption capacities, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 64.52 mg/g, indicating the potential of CuONPs as efficient adsorbents for paracetamol removal. Overall, nanofiltration, CNTs, and CuONPs present viable methods for effectively removing paracetamol from water sources, showcasing their potential in water treatment applications.Why water in one place is more rapidly dry faster than a water in all of the places?

Water in one place can dry faster due to specific mechanisms and structures designed for efficient drying. For instance, a place drying device with absorbing layers and rollers enhances drying efficiency by absorbing water effectively. Additionally, an intelligent water quality measuring device allows for precise water sampling without the need for personnel to approach risky areas, improving collection speed and safety. Moreover, a water retaining system for flood control in underground places ensures rapid drainage and drying through a series of devices like water blocking plates and ventilation systems, preventing water accumulation and promoting quick drying. Furthermore, nanochannels with sharp corners can enhance drying rates significantly by siphoning water efficiently, independent of environmental humidity levels, which can expedite the drying process in specific locations.Why has a quantum dot solar cell not a very high efficiency?

Quantum dot solar cells face efficiency challenges due to various factors. Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) suffer from carrier recombination issues within the material, impacting performance. Additionally, the inability to convert photons below the bandgap energy and thermalization of photon energies exceeding the bandgap contribute to efficiency losses in single bandgap solar cells. To address these challenges, studies have explored different approaches. For instance, incorporating InAs quantum dot layers in GaAs structures has shown improved efficiency up to 27.4%. Furthermore, introducing (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS) on CQD films enhances mechanical stability without compromising efficiency, achieving a PCE of 11.04%. These findings highlight ongoing efforts to enhance quantum dot solar cell efficiency through material optimization and structural modifications.How to write background of the study?

Writing a comprehensive background of the study involves several key components. Firstly, it should include the flow of writing, clearly presenting the research problem, and outlining the purpose of the study. Additionally, the background should cover the growth of settlements, urban population increase, and societal transformations in urban areas. Furthermore, it is essential to incorporate relevant theories, previous research, recent facts, explanations of the research problem, implications, and justification for conducting the study. Proper organization is crucial, ensuring unity, coherence within paragraphs, and smooth transitions between them. By addressing these aspects, a well-structured background of the study can be developed, providing a solid foundation for the research endeavor.Carbon-Based Adsorbents for PFAS Remediation - Carbon Nanotubes?

Carbon-based adsorbents, such as carbon nanotubes, have shown promising potential for PFAS remediation. Studies have highlighted the exceptional adsorption properties of carbon nanotubes due to their high surface area, porosity, and various adsorption sites. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes can enhance their adsorptive properties, making them selective towards specific pollutants like PFAS. Carbon nanotubes interact with PFAS through mechanisms like physical adsorption, electrostatic interactions, and chemical bonding. Additionally, novel nanocomposites like nNiFe-activated carbon have demonstrated significant PFAS reduction and fluoride generation, showing promise for PFAS transformation in both batch and flow conditions. These findings suggest that carbon-based adsorbents, including carbon nanotubes and nanocomposites, hold great potential for effective PFAS remediation strategies.What are the current trends and demand for photoluminescent pigments in various industries?

The current trends and demand for photoluminescent pigments are on the rise across various industries. Photoluminescent pigments, known for emitting light in dim conditions, are gaining popularity in textiles, paints, coatings, prints, vinyl stickers, and polymer applications. Additionally, these pigments are being increasingly utilized in construction and automotive sectors, further boosting market growth. In the realm of smart materials, photoluminescent glass is being developed for photonics, lighting, and photovoltaics applications, offering eco-friendly and recyclable solutions with enhanced optical properties. Furthermore, the synthesis of photoluminescent carbon dots is opening up avenues in optoelectronics, bio-imaging, catalysis, and sensing, with potential applications in solar cells and optoelectronic devices. These advancements underscore the diverse and expanding demand for photoluminescent pigments in various industries.What is the material composition of a LTO battery?

The material composition of a Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) battery typically involves the utilization of LTO combined with other materials to enhance its properties. Various studies have explored different composite structures to improve the performance of LTO batteries. These composites include LTO/polyether sulfone (PES) synthesized via laser ablation, LTO combined with carbon nanostructures like graphene (G) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), LTO with graphene synthesized through reduction processes, LTO with graphene added through a sol-gel method, and mesoporous LTO microspheres with carbon-coatings formed through phase separation of block copolymers. These composite structures aim to address the challenges of low electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusivity in LTO, enhancing the overall performance of LTO batteries.What are metal complexes and titanium metal complex?

Metal complexes are compounds involving a metal ion bonded to one or more ligands. Titanium metal complexes are specifically compounds where titanium is the central metal atom. These complexes have various applications, such as catalyst supports, production of titanium alloy materials, and as raw materials for thin film production. Titanium(IV) coordination complexes, a type of titanium metal complex, have been explored for their potential in anticancer treatments due to their low toxicity and hydrolysis into inert titanium dioxide in biological environments. Despite challenges like rapid hydrolysis, efforts to enhance stability and efficacy have led to promising derivatives with improved anticancer properties. Overall, titanium metal complexes offer a wide range of possibilities in different fields due to their unique properties and reactivity.What is phosphene?

Phosphene refers to the perception of light without external visual stimulation, induced by electrical currents on the retina, optic nerve, or cortex. It has potential applications in assisting the blind, guiding visually impaired individuals by creating visual percepts through cutaneous electrical stimulation. Phosphenes can be harnessed for biomedical purposes, like in a walking support system for the blind, where electrical interference between electrodes must be managed to precisely present phosphenes. Phosphene induction can vary based on the frequency and intensity of electrical stimulation, leading to different types and attributes of perceived phosphenes. The ability to control the orientation of phosphenes can enable direct transmission of visual information into the visual field, showcasing the diverse potential applications of this phenomenon.Can thermal induce dipole arrangement in graphene oxide film?

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