How do I know if my kitten has milk in his lungs?
Answers from top 3 papers
More filters
| Papers (3) | Insight |
|---|---|
| Together, these results suggest that the bovine milk RNases do not have intrinsic anti-microbial activity in milk. | |
01 Aug 2015 13 Citations | also show, however, that the substantial majority does not know how to avoid aflatoxin-contaminated milk. |
| While an etiology for the diarrhea is not definitively established, it would appear to involve rotavirus alone or possibly in concert with enteropathogenic coliform bacteria, overfeeding of a commercial kitten milk replacer and the stresses of captivity. |
My columns
Related Questions
How can I tell if my baby has fluid in lungs?7 answers
How do I know if my baby has a lung infection?3 answers
How do I know if my puppy has milk in his lungs?6 answers
How do I know if my toddler has fluid in lungs?9 answers
How do I know if vaping has damaged my lungs?3 answers
How to tell if a kitten has milk in its lungs?3 answers
See what other people are reading
Do animals experience long-term physical and psychological effects from animal experimentation?
4 answers
Animals subjected to laboratory experimentation can indeed suffer long-term physical and psychological effects. Recurrent stress in laboratory animals can lead to significant psychological and physiological welfare problems, affecting immune function, inflammatory responses, metabolism, and disease susceptibility. Early exposure to pain can result in persistent changes in somatosensory processing and altered sensitivity to future noxious stimuli, impacting cognitive and affective behavior in the long term. Stress exposure alters the activation response to subsequent stressors, influencing health and disease outcomes, with effects persisting over time. Ethical obligations mandate anesthesia and pain treatment in animal experiments to minimize pain, suffering, and distress. These findings highlight the importance of considering the long-term consequences of animal experimentation on both physical and psychological well-being.What are the specific environmental factors that affect the sleep patterns of captive chimpanzees?5 answers
Environmental factors such as indoor temperature and humidity play a significant role in affecting the sleep patterns of captive chimpanzees. Studies have shown that these abiotic factors influence the nocturnal activity of chimpanzees, with variations in temperature and humidity impacting their sleep quality. Additionally, the presence of nocturnal disturbances, like sleep fragmentation and intensity of disruptive events, can also influence the chimpanzees' sleep patterns and subsequent daytime behavior. Nights marked by frequent or intense disruptions lead to increased inactivity, abnormal behaviors, and more time spent on affiliative interactions the following day. Therefore, controlling factors like temperature, humidity, and disturbances is crucial in ensuring the quality of sleep for captive chimpanzees.Does bobcat behavior include storing food for later consumption?5 answers
Bobcats, like other felids, exhibit behaviors related to storing food for later consumption. While bobcats are known to engage in behaviors such as locomotion, repeated pacing, vigilance, and grooming before enrichment activities, they also show exploratory and food behaviors more often after environmental enrichment, indicating a potential shift towards storing and consuming food strategically. Additionally, the study on European wildcats in Spain documented caching behavior, where wildcats covered carcasses with leaves or snow, suggesting a form of food storage for later consumption. This behavior aligns with the concept of caching observed in other felid species like pumas, which cache their kills to extend foraging time and maximize energetic gains, particularly when preying on intermediate-sized prey.How getting rid of candida biofilms prevents recurrent infections?5 answers
Getting rid of Candida biofilms is crucial in preventing recurrent infections due to the resilience and treatment evasion capabilities of these biofilms. Candida biofilms are complex structures that protect the fungus from antifungal agents, leading to persistent and recurrent infections with high mortality rates. Biofilms formed by Candida species, especially C. albicans, are inherently resistant to conventional antifungals, making them challenging to eradicate. Studies have shown that antifungal treatments like fluconazole may reduce the growth of planktonic Candida cells but are ineffective against established biofilms, highlighting the need for alternative strategies. Novel approaches such as using biomaterials, probiotics, and dendritic compounds have shown promise in disrupting Candida biofilms and preventing their formation, offering potential solutions to combat recurrent infections.What concentration of glucose is added for candida albicans biofilm formation?5 answers
Glucose concentrations used for Candida biofilm formation varied across studies. In one study, glucose concentrations of 100 mmol/L (G100) and 300 mmol/L (G300) were employed. Another study focused on C. parapsilosis sensu stricto biofilm formation with high glucose concentrations, specifically 25-30% glucose. Additionally, a study on C. albicans biofilms used two glucose concentrations: 0.1 mM and 1 mM. Furthermore, a study on C. albicans and C. tropicalis biofilms utilized 5% (30 mM) and 10% (60 mM) glucose concentrations. Lastly, interactions between C. albicans and C. glabrata in biofilms were evaluated with varying glucose supplementation levels of 0%, 1%, and 5%. These diverse concentrations highlight the importance of glucose levels in modulating Candida biofilm formation.Developing New Antimicrobial Therapies: Are Synergistic Combinations of Plant Extracts/Compounds with Conventional Antibiotics the Solution?4 answers
Synergistic combinations of plant extracts/compounds with conventional antibiotics present a promising approach in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria and developing new antimicrobial therapies. Studies have shown that combining plant-based compounds with antibiotics can enhance efficacy against resistant strains by disrupting bacterial signaling mechanisms and affecting membrane fluidity. For instance, compounds from Ludwigia abyssinica exhibited synergistic effects with antibiotics against various pathogens, highlighting the potential of such combinations in improving antibiotic potency. While plant extracts alone may have weaker antibacterial effects, their combination with antibiotics can lead to better outcomes, suggesting a viable strategy for addressing antimicrobial resistance. Overall, the use of synergistic combinations of plant extracts with conventional antibiotics represents a valuable avenue for developing novel antimicrobial therapies and combating the challenges posed by drug-resistant pathogens.Why does neem doesn't have an effect on bioassay after 72 hours of inoculation?4 answers
Neem may not have an effect on bioassays after 72 hours of inoculation due to various factors. Studies have shown that neem extracts can inhibit the growth of microbes like Aspergillus parasiticus and aflatoxin biosynthesis, but this inhibitory effect diminishes once secondary metabolism is initiated. Additionally, the biocidal effect of neem leaf extract on clinical microbes is concentration-dependent, with longer exposure to low concentrations showing potential as a biocide. Furthermore, neem oil at higher concentrations can adversely affect the development, longevity, and fecundity of insects like Phenacoccus solenopsis, indicating a time-dependent impact that may diminish over extended periods. These findings collectively suggest that the effectiveness of neem in bioassays may decrease over time due to factors such as secondary metabolism activation, concentration levels, and prolonged exposure.Does citric acid serves as a potent disinfectant for sterilizing equipment and instruments, ensuring stringent hygiene standards?4 answers
Citric acid demonstrates potent disinfectant properties for sterilizing equipment and instruments, ensuring stringent hygiene standards. Studies reveal that citric acid exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against various pathogens like E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, with a lasting bactericidal effect, particularly effective against C. albicans. The formulation of citric acid disinfectants involves a combination of citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and other components, creating a stable weak acid system that enhances safety and reduces irritation, making it suitable for automatic cleaning systems. Moreover, the use of citric acid in sterilization and cleaning kits for water supply devices and purifiers further highlights its efficacy in maintaining hygiene standards. High-performance liquid chromatography methods are employed to separate and detect the effective components of citric acid disinfectants, ensuring accurate quality control.Are glucosylceramides involved in the antiviral mechanism of plant defensins??5 answers
Glucosylceramides (GlcCer) play a significant role in the antiviral mechanisms of plant defensins. Plant defensins, such as Medicago Sativa defensin 1 (MsDef1) and RsAFP2 from radish, interact with fungal GlcCer, inducing apoptosis in pathogens like Candida albicans. Additionally, GlcCer derived from pathogenic fungi like Fusarium oxysporum and Cladosporium herbarum have been shown to induce resistance in plants against viral infections, reducing necrotic lesions and hypersensitive responses while stimulating the expression of defense-related genes. Furthermore, inhibiting GlucosylCeramide synthase, an enzyme involved in GlcCer synthesis, has demonstrated broad-spectrum antiviral effects against enveloped RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, highlighting GlcCer as a potential target for antiviral therapies.Disadvantage of using citric acid as antimicrobial agent?5 answers
The disadvantage of using citric acid as an antimicrobial agent lies in its cytotoxic effects. Citric acid has been shown to exhibit severe toxicity, especially in undiluted forms, which can impact normal cell morphology. Additionally, citric acid has been found to activate the glyoxylate cycle, inhibit ATP production, reduce cell respiration levels, and disrupt the bacterial tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to the development of antibiotic tolerance in bacteria. While citric acid demonstrates antimicrobial properties against various pathogens, its cytotoxicity and potential to induce antibiotic tolerance highlight the need for caution in its use as an antimicrobial agent. Moreover, the effectiveness of citric acid as an antimicrobial agent can vary based on the concentration and pH levels, with higher concentrations at elevated pH levels showing superior antimicrobial effects but also potentially causing more significant damage to bacterial membranes.What microbes clean the water in natural swimming pools?5 answers
Microbes play a crucial role in cleaning the water in natural swimming pools (NSPs). Studies have shown that in-situ zooplankton filtration efficiently reduces parasitic protozoans like Giardia and Cryptosporidium in NSPs. Additionally, the microbial community in NSPs primarily consists of alpha-, beta-, and gammaproteobacteria, indicating their involvement in maintaining water quality. Furthermore, the combination of ultra-filtration and UV-disinfection in NSPs has been found to be effective in maintaining microbial water quality similar to chlorinated pools, with UV-disinfection playing a significant role in reducing microorganisms. These findings highlight the importance of microbial communities, zooplankton filtration, and innovative treatment methods in ensuring the cleanliness and safety of water in natural swimming pools.