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This transistor can be simultaneously formed with the conventional transistor with the addition of only one mask-step.
In this paper, we propose a structure that improves the OFF state and switching behavior of the transistor without increase in the transistor length.
Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1952
51 Citations
A simplified circuit is obtained which can be used when the p-n-p-n transistor is connected as a hook-collector transistor.
Open accessBook ChapterDOI
Sergei Skorobogatov, Ross Anderson 
13 Aug 2002
828 Citations
Circuits can be designed so that single-transistor failures do not lead to security failure.
In addition, it is shown that the floating gate transistor can be modeled as a weakly conductive stuck-on transistor or as a stuck-open transistor depending on the values of the parameters characterizing the defect.
Moreover, the device works well as a p-type transistor.
We propose the buried-gate surrounding gate transistor (BG-SGT) as a high-performance transistor.

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What is the difference between constant voltage and constant current in gel electrophoresis?
5 answers
In the context of gel electrophoresis, the difference between constant voltage and constant current lies in their control mechanisms and adaptability. Constant current control in microchip electrophoresis directly indicates the velocity of the electroosmotic flow (EOF), making it more convenient than constant voltage control. Constant voltage electromigration testing offers advantages over constant current testing for materials with varying geometries, while the benefits are minimal for properly produced materials. A constant current circuit with high breakdown-voltage transistors is designed for high voltage circuits with low manufacturing costs. Additionally, a constant current constant voltage circuit stabilizes voltage and controls levels effectively, featuring strong anti-interference capabilities. These findings highlight the nuanced differences and applications of constant voltage and constant current in gel electrophoresis.
Is there an article about a led-array with individually addressable electrodes?
5 answers
Yes, there are multiple articles discussing LED arrays with individually addressable electrodes. One article presents a novel approach using GaN micro-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with individually addressed n-electrodes, allowing for faster modulation and compatibility with NMOS transistor-based drivers. Another study introduces GaN-based micro-LED arrays with a reversed electrode structure, featuring a common p-electrode and individually addressable n-electrodes, enabling high-performance characteristics and compatibility with NMOS drivers for faster modulation. Additionally, a different research paper describes the fabrication of individually addressable GaN microdisk LED arrays, showcasing ultrahigh resolution and stable operation in free-standing and flexible forms. These articles collectively highlight advancements in LED array technology with individually addressable electrodes for various applications.
Is there an article about a led-array with individually addressable cathodes and individually addressable anodes?
5 answers
Yes, there are articles discussing LED arrays with individually addressable cathodes and individually addressable anodes. One study presents a novel inverted, vertical microdisplay prototype device with individually addressing cathodes, demonstrating the use of silicon-based vertical Micro-LEDs with this configuration. Another article showcases a GaN-based micro-LED array with a common p-electrode and individually addressable n-electrodes, designed for faster modulation and visible light communication applications. These innovative LED array designs offer improved performance characteristics, such as enhanced brightness, heat dissipation, and modulation bandwidth, making them suitable for high-resolution displays, wearables, and VR/AR headsets.
Production of field effect transistors?
4 answers
The production of field effect transistors involves several key steps outlined in the provided research contexts. These steps include depositing semiconductor material on a substrate, forming gate dielectric layers, arranging gate electrode layers, creating contact trenches, back-producing gate electrodes, forming source/drain regions, and connecting them with contact structures. Additionally, methods include depositing insulating films, refractory metal films, and gate metals, etching to define gate structures, and utilizing etching stopper layers to maintain film thickness. Furthermore, the process may entail depositing conducting and insulating materials on a temporary substrate before transferring them to the final substrate. Techniques like self-assembled monolayers and Schottky junctions are also employed to enhance transistor performance, reduce resistance, and improve reliability.
What are the common fabrication steps used in the production of bipolar junction transistors?
5 answers
The common fabrication steps in producing bipolar junction transistors involve several key processes. These include implantation procedures to form different regions with varying dopant concentrations, creating extrinsic collector and base regions buried in the semiconductor substrate, forming surface-doped regions and insulating layers on the semiconductor substrate, and patterning photoresists to define openings for implantation processes with varying dopant concentrations. Additionally, steps such as forming well regions with different concentrations in the base and emitter regions, defining trenches and openings for silicon and silicon-germanium regions, and establishing a composite base region with specific dopant concentration levels are crucial in the fabrication process of bipolar junction transistors.
Can i use primeflex instead of bootstrap?
5 answers
While both PrimeFlex and Bootstrap are useful techniques, they serve different purposes. PrimeFlex is not a direct substitute for Bootstrap. PrimeFlex is a method used for driving circuits without requiring an extra power supply, whereas Bootstrap is a resampling method commonly used in statistical analysis. Bootstrap is advantageous for dealing with skewed data but may have limitations in terms of confidence interval coverage, especially in studies with a small number of clusters. On the other hand, PrimeFlex overcomes the need for an additional power supply in driving circuits, reducing power consumption and meeting circuit demands effectively. Therefore, the choice between PrimeFlex and Bootstrap would depend on the specific application requirements in either circuit design or statistical analysis.
Are there led arrays with individual addressable p and n contacts?
5 answers
LED arrays with individual addressable p and n contacts have been developed. These arrays feature a unique structure where each LED element has its own n-electrode while sharing a common p-electrode. This design minimizes series-resistance differences and enables compatibility with n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) transistor-based drivers for faster modulation. The individual addressability of the n-electrodes allows for precise control over each LED element in the array, enhancing performance characteristics such as optical power and modulation bandwidth. These advancements in LED array technology offer promising applications in areas like visible light communication, where high-speed data transmission without errors has been achieved using these individually addressable LED arrays.
What is the current threshold of Carbon Nanotube-Based Biosensors?
4 answers
The current threshold of Carbon Nanotube-Based Biosensors varies depending on the specific type and design. Liquid-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (LG-CNTFETs) have shown an average threshold voltage (Vth) ranging from 0.19 to 0.46 V for different KCl concentrations. On the other hand, highly uniform carbon nanotube thin-film transistors (CNT-TFTs) achieved an impressive standard deviation of threshold voltage (Vth) as small as 0.04, indicating high stability and uniformity. Additionally, horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (FETs) demonstrated real-time detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 84 pM, showcasing their sensitivity and quantitative detection capabilities. These diverse types of Carbon Nanotube-Based Biosensors exhibit varying thresholds, highlighting their versatility and potential in biosensing applications.
What is the current threshold of nano Biosensors?
4 answers
The current threshold of nano biosensors is characterized by their unprecedented sensitivity, often capable of detecting analytes at the single molecule level. Nanobiosensors have been developed using various architectures such as mechanical devices, optical resonators, functionalized nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanofibers, showcasing high specificity and sensitivity. These biosensors integrate nanomaterials to enhance portability, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness, enabling selective and specialized detection with minimal probe material concentration. Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of biosensors, allowing for the detection of chemical or biological species on a nanoscale, with applications in biotechnology and agriculture. The advancements in nanotechnology have paved the way for the development of highly uniform carbon nanotube thin-film transistors (CNT-TFTs) used as ultra-sensitive detecting devices for specific DNA modifications, showcasing remarkable stability and sensitivity.
What is the safety precaution when handling Bipolar Junction Transistor?
4 answers
When handling a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), it is crucial to consider safety precautions to prevent damage. One important safety measure involves improving the safe-operating area (SOA) by implementing a collector region with graded doping to reduce breakdown risks as collector current increases. Additionally, incorporating a ballasting region between the base region and the collector contact helps relocate hot spots away from the collector contact during electrostatic discharge (ESD) pulses, preventing melting and damage. Moreover, optimizing the design by arranging the base region opening to reduce the distance between the emitter and collector regions aids in lowering the break-over voltage, enhancing transistor efficiency and saving space. These precautions collectively contribute to enhancing the reliability and longevity of Bipolar Junction Transistors.
Where can i find this?
5 answers
The novel sheathless guiding catheter for transradial peripheral intervention, allowing left renal artery stenting through left radial access, was successfully employed in a single patient with progressive renal dysfunction, showcasing its potential benefits in extending reach and reducing risks associated with larger caliber devices. This innovative catheter system offers advantages such as reduced risk of radial artery occlusion and minimized atheroembolization risk during renal artery interventions, ultimately optimizing outcomes and potentially preventing complications that may arise from plaque disruption. The tool developed to parse RepeatMasker .out files provides detailed information on TE content at the family level, aiding in the accurate identification and positioning of TE copies within a genome, which is crucial for evolutionary and comparative analyses.