scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Answers from top 7 papers

More filters
Papers (7)Insight
Detailed analyses show that the ambient temperature has a significant influence on optical characteristics of low-power SMD LED.
For the high-voltage LED system, this relationship is a required condition for the accurate system reliability prediction.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Georg Bogner, Alexandra Debray, Klaus Hoehn 
17 Apr 2000
11 Citations
Thus, SMD-LEDs fulfill electronic industry standard JEDEC LEVEL 2.
In view of the small size, low-drive voltage and price of LED, UVC upconversion phosphor BaGd2ZnO5:Er3+ excited by visible LED has potential application in environmental sciences.
The large forward voltage observed from the TJ LED should be attributed to the large TJ resistance.
The results obtained implicate that the electric wire pattern along with LED arrangement and HS size needs to be designed carefully in thermal management of SMD-LED packages.
This validates the extension of PET theory equations for low-power SMD LED.

See what other people are reading

What type of temperature probes were used in lunar missions?
5 answers
Temperature probes utilized in lunar missions include platinum wire resistance sensors, thermistors, and microwave radiometers. Platinum wire resistance sensors and thermistors are commonly employed due to their sensitivity and stability, with efforts made to linearize the nonlinear characteristics of thermistors for improved performance. Additionally, microwave radiometers like the one on the Chang’e-2 lunar probe are used to measure lunar brightness temperature data, aiding in constructing high-resolution TB maps and establishing TB distribution models for studying lunar thermal radiation. These diverse temperature sensing technologies play crucial roles in understanding the thermophysical properties of the lunar surface, enabling detailed analysis of temperature variations and emissivity data for comprehensive lunar exploration and research.
How to asses thermal camera?
5 answers
To assess a thermal camera effectively, several factors need consideration. Firstly, verifying the surface temperature accuracy through direct comparison with a reference thermometer is crucial. Secondly, ensuring the appropriate emissivity of the target object is set correctly for accurate temperature measurements is essential. Additionally, evaluating the thermal image quality by calculating center shift amounts and variations can provide quantitative insights into the camera's performance. Furthermore, for assessing indoor thermal environments, creating 3D models, calculating solid angles, and deriving mean radiant temperature values using a thermal camera are vital steps. Lastly, utilizing thermal imaging technology for structural health monitoring can offer valuable insights into structural integrity, such as detecting corrosion in steel rebars and assessing concrete surfaces.
Halo orbit temperature range?
5 answers
The temperature range of a halo orbit can vary depending on the specific conditions. For instance, in the context of the Chang'e-4 Relay Satellite in an Earth–Moon Lagrangian point 2 (EML2) Halo orbit, the working temperature of the solar array ranges from 52.3 to 76.8 °C, but decreases to 0–25 °C when the relay antenna outspreads. Additionally, in the context of galaxy clusters and individual galaxies observed by the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the M–T relation for systems with temperatures ranging between 0.4 and 15.0 keV follows a power law with a slope of 1.65 ± 0.06, indicating a correlation between mass and temperature in these systems. These findings highlight the dynamic temperature ranges associated with halo orbits in different celestial environments.
How effective are cool pavements in reducing urban heat island effects in hot arid climates?
4 answers
Cool pavements have shown effectiveness in reducing urban heat island (UHI) effects in hot arid climates by decreasing surface temperatures significantly. Studies have highlighted that cool pavements can lead to reductions in surface temperatures ranging from 3–20 °C, 8–25 °C, 4–14 °C, and 4–19 °C in reflective, permeable, thermal energy storage, and large-scale applications, respectively. Additionally, the use of cool concrete solutions, such as cool concrete paving blocks and pervious pavements, can enhance outdoor comfort and mitigate UHI effects by reflecting sunlight and reducing surface heating, regardless of the surface color. Implementing cool materials on urban surfaces has been found to be an efficient mitigation strategy, resulting in decreased air temperatures and improved microclimatic conditions in hot arid climates.
What is solar energy system?
5 answers
A solar energy system typically consists of various components designed to harness solar energy for electricity generation or heating purposes. These systems often include solar panels or solar cells that convert sunlight into electricity, heat collectors that utilize solar energy to heat a medium for various applications, and innovative mechanisms like sensor modules and control modules that optimize the system's efficiency by tracking the sun's position and adjusting panel angles accordingly. Additionally, elements such as panel carts, panel rails, and pillars are integrated to facilitate movement, positioning, and height adjustments of the solar panels, enabling efficient utilization of limited ground space in areas like agricultural fields for both crop cultivation and solar power generation.
What is the function of a photometer in water biomonitoring?
5 answers
A photometer plays a crucial role in water biomonitoring by enabling the measurement of various parameters essential for assessing water quality. It can be utilized for determining the concentration of ionic species in water through chemical reactions. Additionally, photometers equipped with LED spectrophotometers and spectroellipsometers, along with advanced algorithms, facilitate efficient and reliable diagnostics of water quality based on spectral data. Moreover, specialized photometers are designed for measuring light scatter due to calcite in seawater, aiding in understanding biogenic calcite distribution in the ocean. Furthermore, photometers can be tailored for measuring chromophore concentrations in fluids, incorporating multiple LEDs for accurate measurements and drift correction routines. Overall, photometers serve as essential tools in water biomonitoring, offering precise measurements for various parameters critical in assessing water quality.
How does laser hair removal compare to other methods of hair removal in terms of effectiveness and safety?
5 answers
Laser hair removal, compared to traditional methods like waxing or shaving, offers a more effective and long-lasting solution for hair reduction. Studies show that lasers, such as the Diode laser, can achieve significant hair reduction rates of up to 85-88% with professional devices, and 46.3-52% with home-use devices like the Silk’n™ Flash and Go Lux. Laser hair removal procedures are generally safe and effective, with factors like wavelength, energy density, and device parameters playing crucial roles in ensuring successful outcomes. While laser hair removal is associated with mild side effects like skin sensitivity, irritation, erythema, burns, and hyperpigmentation, serious adverse effects are rare when safety measures are followed. Additionally, advanced laser technologies, such as triple-wavelength diode lasers, have shown superior efficacy and safety, especially on darker skin types.
How cam covalent wafer bonding be used for particle detection?
5 answers
Covalent wafer bonding can be utilized for particle detection by forming P-N junctions between high-resistivity N and P-type silicon wafers, enabling the investigation of signal collection. This bonding method, conducted at low temperatures without additional materials, offers an alternative to bump-bonding in particle pixel detectors. The presence of an amorphous layer at the bonding interface affects charge propagation, leading to asymmetric depletion behavior in the bonded structures. Additionally, low temperature wafer bonding techniques, involving wet chemical etching and plasma treatment, can create conductive interfaces suitable for applications like monolithic CMOS integrated pixel detectors. Furthermore, an on-line detection structure has been developed to identify particle pollution in wafer-level bonding through resistance values or frequency responses between test electrodes.
Is there a linear relationship between water pH and temperature?
4 answers
Yes, there is a relationship between water pH and temperature. Research indicates that the pH of water can influence the temperature at which hydrogen bonds are broken or weakened, affecting various water properties. Additionally, the effect of temperature on the early hydration rate of alkali-activated slag was found to be significant, with a linear relationship observed between temperature and the hydration rate under certain pH conditions. Furthermore, the decomposition of ozone in water, which is crucial for disinfection, is affected by temperature and pH, with lower pH values and temperatures increasing the half-life of ozone, impacting its effectiveness in disinfection. Therefore, the interplay between water pH and temperature is evident in various water-related processes and properties studied in the research papers.
What are the current methods used for early detection of thermal runaway in solid state batteries?
10 answers
The current methods for early detection of thermal runaway in solid-state batteries encompass a variety of innovative approaches, each targeting different aspects of the battery's operation and condition to preemptively identify risks. One method involves the use of impedance spectroscopy with an interdigitated platinum electrode coated with poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT–PSS) to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indicative of thermal runaway conditions. Another approach employs a flexible sensor array with Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistance (PTCR) ceramic sensors, which exhibit a significant resistance increase at critical temperatures, allowing for the prevention of thermal runaway by monitoring temperature changes within the battery. Air precooled with a water mist has been studied for thermal management, utilizing a lumped capacitance model to simulate thermal behavior and control thermal runaway through mist precooling based on battery temperature or solid electrolyte interphase degradation. Non-Dispersive Infrared Spectroscopy (NDIR) gas sensing systems have also been proposed to monitor gases released during thermal runaway, providing real-time warnings well in advance of critical conditions. Real-time early fault diagnosis schemes applying discrete Fréchet distance and local outlier factor to voltage and temperature data have shown promise in detecting cells at risk of thermal runaway. A novel data-driven approach using Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) for the early detection of internal short circuits (ISCs), a common precursor to thermal runaway, has been developed, offering fast and sensitive detection capabilities. Fusion of photoelectric and electrochemical detection techniques based on dual-wavelength principles for real-time monitoring of thermal runaway states has been proposed, focusing on the detection of critical gas parameters. Comprehensive reviews and analyses of monitoring parameters and warning methods for thermal runaway have highlighted the importance of advance warnings in preventing accidents. Lastly, frequency-resolved multiplexing in optical frequency domain reflectometry has been verified for high-resolution, fast measurement, suitable for thermal runaway monitoring in battery systems. These methods collectively represent the forefront of research into early detection of thermal runaway in solid-state batteries, offering a range of solutions to enhance safety and reliability.
What is an opto-electronics?
4 answers
Opto-electronics refers to devices that combine optics and electronics, utilizing light to perform electrical operations. These devices often include semiconductor components like light-emitting diodes, detectors, and optical elements to manipulate light for various applications. For instance, opto-electronics can be found in downhole logging tools housing light sources, detectors, and beam splitters for measurements. Additionally, opto-electronic devices like display screens incorporate transparent layers and limiting devices to control light emission and avoid total internal reflection. Furthermore, opto-electronics are crucial in hyperspectrometers and remote sensing systems, where technologies for shaping optical elements and monitoring their performance are developed. Overall, opto-electronics play a vital role in modern technology by enabling the interaction between light and electrical signals for diverse functionalities.