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The results show that in most cases these causality factors do change when the system goes from uniform corrosion to crevice corrosion.
The overall analysis of results contributes to understanding, in a systematic way, how atmospheric corrosivity categories can be correlated with corrosion mechanisms.
However, the implantation do not modified the corrosion morphology which seems to be determined mainly by the heat treating conditions.
These results indicated that the change of DO was closely related to the corrosion process.
This investigation cannot only predict the corrosion distributions and the seriousness of the elbows for nuclear power plant, but also assist the plant staff on how to treat the problem of corrosion phenomenon.
The work shows a practical example of how a suitable combination of chemical, physical and electrochemical techniques can be applied together to characterize a corrosion process, the obtained results validating and corroborating the prediction of the corrosion rate in metallic structures.
Results showed that P91 and X20CrMoV11-1 do not offer a sufficient long term corrosion resistance in molten nitrate salts.
Results show that some specific degradation products, such as Bicine, HeGly and HEEDA, enhance corrosion while others do not seem to have a significant effect on corrosion of stainless steel.
The results indicated that the CrN coatings present better corrosion resistance and R p values than do the uncoated steel substrates, especially for the coatings produced on the AISI 304 substrates, which exhibited a strong enhancement in the corrosion resistance.

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Various innovative packaging concepts for steel coils have been proposed in recent research. These concepts include systems with automated packaging processes, such as attaching different packaging materials to the inner and outer edges of the coil, wrapping the coil surfaces, and rotating the coil during packaging to enhance efficiency and reduce production costs. Additionally, there are systems designed to reduce physical strain on operators by incorporating lifting devices and rotating carrier roller assemblies for easier handling and improved working efficiency. Furthermore, there are auxiliary devices for dividing and packaging multiple steel plate coils simultaneously, preventing unwinding and facilitating the packaging bending operation for divided coils. Moreover, there are novel steel coil packaging materials made from a combination of various components to enhance strength, anti-tensile effects, and corrosion resistance.
What is the importance of critical micelle concentration?
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The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is a crucial parameter in surfactant science, indicating the point at which surfactant molecules aggregate to form micelles in solution. Determining the CMC is essential for understanding surfactant behavior, such as surface activity and self-assembly. Various methods, including surface tension measurements, fluorescence spectroscopy, and diffusion-based techniques, are employed to determine the CMC accurately. The CMC value is significant as it influences the efficiency of surfactants in applications like corrosion inhibition and membrane protein studies. Accurate CMC determination is vital for characterizing surfactants and their behavior in different environments, aiding in the development and optimization of surfactant-based products and processes.
How does the use of different types of pozzolan slurry affect the strength and durability of recycled concrete aggregates?
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The utilization of various pozzolan slurries, such as silica fume, rice husk ash (RHA), and cement, significantly impacts the strength and durability of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs). Incorporating pozzolans in treating RCAs enhances their properties by reducing water absorption, improving specific gravity, and increasing strength, surpassing that of natural aggregates. The use of pozzolan slurry in carbonated RCAs enhances their performance for large-scale applications, optimizing parameters like slurry material type, concentration, exposure duration, and RCA sizes. Additionally, the synergistic effect of cement slurry carbonation on RCA reinforcement improves the microstructure, pore size distribution, and interfacial transition zones within the concrete, enhancing its mechanical properties and durability. Overall, the incorporation of different pozzolan slurries positively influences the strength and durability of recycled concrete aggregates.
How is low carbon steel better than iron for manfacturing industrial pipes?
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Low-carbon steel is preferred over iron for manufacturing industrial pipes due to its enhanced properties. Low-carbon steel, such as Severkor K52 steel, offers improved mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, making it ideal for oil-industry pipe production. Additionally, low-carbon steel grades like those used in pipeline steel benefit from optimized smelting processes and rolling technologies, resulting in high-quality, corrosion-resistant surfaces and overall product quality improvement. Furthermore, low-carbon steel formulations, like those in seamless pipes for oil and gas exploration, contain specific alloying elements like Cr, Mn, Mo, and V, which contribute to enhanced corrosion resistance in CO2-rich environments, crucial for industrial applications. Overall, the superior mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and specific alloy compositions make low-carbon steel a superior choice to iron for industrial pipe manufacturing.
What biomaterials are used in the current spinal implants?
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Metals, ceramics, and polymers are the primary biomaterial categories utilized in current spinal implants. These materials are chosen based on specific criteria such as tensile strength, biocompatibility, imaging artifacts, stiffness, Young's modulus proximity to bone, and fatigue strength. Titanium alloys are popular for pedicle fixation systems, often doped with hydroxyapatite or other substances, while cobalt-chromium alloys, nitinol, and stainless steel are also used for screws and rods in spinal fusion devices. Additionally, novel biomaterials like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and poly(ether) ether ketone (PEEK) composites with a 3D microarchitecture show promise, especially when coated with TiO2 for enhanced biocompatibility, making them potential materials for future spinal implants.
How is low carbon steel better than iron?
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Low-carbon steel offers significant advantages over iron due to its enhanced properties. Low-carbon steel, such as that prepared through specific methods like torsional deformation treatment, contains elements like manganese, chromium, and vanadium, which improve its strength, toughness, and hardness compared to iron. Additionally, low-carbon steel has optimized compositions and improved thermal treatment technologies, resulting in high impact toughness, fatigue strength, and hardness after aging treatment. Furthermore, low-carbon steel for specific applications, like rail motor coach brake discs, exhibits superior heat conduction performance and a low thermal expansion coefficient, making it a preferred material. These advancements in low-carbon steel production and composition make it a superior choice to traditional iron in various industrial applications.
How does the configuration of peizosensors affect the durability of concrete under environmental loading?
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The configuration of peizosensors can significantly impact the durability of concrete under environmental loading. Fiber-optic sensors (FOS) mounted on supplemental bars connected to structural reinforcement bars have shown promise in accurately monitoring strain in concrete structures. Additionally, a concrete durability tester with a draw bar system incorporating a strain sensor has been developed to assess long-term load-carrying processes without stress relaxation, enhancing the monitoring of concrete durability. These innovative sensor configurations provide valuable insights into the mechanical performance degradation of reinforced concrete structures under the coupling effect of load and environmental factors, ultimately contributing to a better understanding of concrete durability under challenging conditions.
How marine organism foulling system with natural chemical compounds?
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What causes combustion of wood to be less efficient?
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The combustion of wood can be less efficient due to various factors highlighted in the provided research contexts. Factors such as uneven wood burning leading to solid residue formation, inadequate distribution of combustion air, and the presence of impurities like soil affecting the combustion process can all contribute to reduced efficiency and increased emissions. Additionally, the chemical composition of ash from phytomass biofuels can result in low ash melting temperatures, causing slagging and sintering issues that further hinder the combustion process. Moreover, the use of recycled wood in combustion can lead to increased corrosion problems in furnace walls due to elevated concentrations of heavy metals and chlorine. Understanding and addressing these factors are crucial in optimizing wood combustion efficiency and reducing emissions in small-scale boilers.
Ethanolic extraction of mango leaf is organic?
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What are the issues preventing electrolysis from being used for desalinating sea water?
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