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How do you increase negative ions? 

Ion implantation
Ion
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Papers (10)Insight
Journal Article•DOI
Theoretical study of the size dependence of ionization potential and electron affinity of metallic clusters
Manoj K. Harbola
15 Aug 1992-Journal of Chemical Physics
13 Citations
On the other hand, by treating exchange effects exactly, solutions for negative ions can also be obtained.
Journal Article•DOI
Stability of Negatively Charged Ions Moving in a Magnetic Field
Victor G. Bezchastnov, Lorenz S. Cederbaum, Peter Schmelcher 
11 Jun 2001-Physical Review Letters
4 Citations
It is demonstrated that this coupling dramatically influences the properties of negative ions.
Journal Article•DOI
Extraction of negative ions from pulsed electronegative inductively coupled plasmas having a radio-frequency substrate bias
Pramod Subramonium, Mark J. Kushner 
27 Apr 2004-Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology
23 Citations
Increasing the bias voltage causes a capacitive heating mode to begin earlier, which prevents negative ions from being extract...
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Applications of heavy-negative-ion sources for materials science (invited)
Junzo Ishikawa
04 Feb 2000-Review of Scientific Instruments
22 Citations
Negative ions provide an excellent tool for materials processing applications.
Journal Article•DOI
Recombination: An important effect in multigap resistive plate chambers
K. Doroud, Hossein Afarideh, Despina Hatzifotiadou, J. Rahighi, M. C. S. Williams, Antonino Zichichi 
11 Nov 2009-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
10 Citations
Our data indicate that nearly 100% of the negative ions recombine with the positive ions.
Journal Article•DOI
Negative ions at Titan and Enceladus: recent results
Andrew J. Coates, Andrew J. Coates, Anne Wellbrock, Anne Wellbrock, Gethyn R. Lewis, Gethyn R. Lewis, Geraint H. Jones, Geraint H. Jones, D. T. Young, F. J. Crary, J. Hunter Waite, Robert E. Johnson, T. W. Hill, Edward C. Sittler 
25 Nov 2010-Faraday Discussions
55 Citations
Models are beginning to explain the low mass negative ions, but the formation process for the higher mass ions is still not understood.
Journal Article•DOI
Investigations on the stability of the low pressure positive column in oxygen
Holger Testrich, Dirk Pasedag, Zdeněk Navrátil, B. May, Rene Reimer, Christian Wilke, Hans-Erich Wagner 
21 Jul 2009-Journal of Physics D
10 Citations
Here the negative O?-ions play a crucial role.
Journal Article•DOI
Positive and negative analyte ion yield in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization revisited
Franz Hillenkamp, E. Wäfler, Matthias C. Jecklin, Renato Zenobi 
15 Aug 2009-International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
21 Citations
Such modifications should primarily address the formation of negative matrix and analyte ions.
Proceedings Article•DOI
Polar dissociation as a source of negative ions
S. K. Srivastava, O. J. Orient 
01 Mar 1984
3 Citations
It is suggested that it can be utilized in the fabrication of a source of negative ions.
Journal Article•DOI
Long-lived negative molecular ions of TCNQ formed by the resonant capture of electrons with above zero energies
O. G. Khvostenko, L. Z. Khatymova, V. G. Lukin, R. R. Kinzyabulatov, Georgii M. Tuimedov, E. E. Tseplin, S. N. Tseplina 
01 Nov 2018-Chemical Physics Letters
13 Citations
The results give more knowledge of the long-lived negative ions formation.

Related Questions

How do negative nanoparticles affect the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity compared to cationic liposomes?5 answersNegative nanoparticles have been found to have different effects on cellular uptake and cytotoxicity compared to cationic liposomes. Hydrophobic and positively charged nanoparticles exhibit higher cellular uptake and cytotoxicity induction, while hydrophilic and negatively charged nanoparticles show lower capabilities in these aspects. However, the presence of humic acids (HAs) can alleviate some of the uptake and toxicity of nanoparticles, but the modified activities are still higher than those of hydrophilic and negatively charged nanoparticles. The adsorption of HAs on the nanoparticle surface can modify the surface properties and influence subsequent interactions with cells. These findings suggest that the surface charge of nanoparticles plays a crucial role in their cellular uptake and cytotoxicity, with negative nanoparticles showing different behavior compared to cationic liposomes.
How can negative ions be used to improve the performance of laser-based AMS?4 answersNegative ions can be used to improve the performance of laser-based AMS by providing isobar suppression and enhancing the detection limit for certain isotopes. In AMS, negative ions are used in the injection stage to provide isobar suppression when the contaminating isobar does not form stable negative ions. This allows for the selective measurement of specific isotopes. Additionally, laser photodetachment of negative ions can be used as an additional isobaric selection filter in AMS. By selectively removing interfering isobars through laser-induced photodetachment, the background signal can be further suppressed, leading to improved detection limits for long-lived heavy radionuclides. This technique has been successfully implemented in the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator (VERA) facility, where laser-photodetachment has been used to suppress the isobar 36S by 10 orders of magnitude, allowing for competitive measurements at low accelerator voltages.
What makes the calcium amplitude negative?3 answersThe negative amplitude of calcium is influenced by the use of guanine nucleotide analogues. In a study on cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurones, the photochemical release of caged GTP-gamma-S and caged GMP-PNP resulted in a reduction of peak calcium channel current by about 70%. This reduction had a slow time course and affected the transient component of the current more than the sustained current. Additionally, calcium channel antagonists were found to inhibit calcium influx into cardiac cells, leading to negative inotropic effects. The degree of inhibition of calcium influx varied among different calcium channel blockers, suggesting that the relationship between calcium influx inhibition and negative inotropic effects may not be uniform.
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