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From this perspective, entrepreneurship extends beyond limited conceptualizations of its close association with business start-up and growth to incorporate enterprising activity and dynamics across society and its institutions.
Findings The paper provides an insight on how start-ups organize and manage open innovation activities with large companies and how it benefits them in overcoming liability of newness and smallness.
The empirical results indicate that an increase in innovative start-up activity is more effective than an increase in general entrepreneurship for economic growth.
It bridges the gap by examining the possibility of formalizing entrepreneurship processes by grounding an agent-based model on empirical facts and generally-accepted foundations of entrepreneurship.
Furthermore, this paper suggests how start-ups could orchestrate open innovation ecosystem.
Urban regions and regions with high levels of nearby start-up examples show relatively high rates of early-stage entrepreneurship.
Our study has practical implications for entrepreneurship education and the support of university start-ups.
Instead, this chapter argues that entrepreneurship research should be focused upon understanding how opportunities to bring future goods and services into existence occur.
This study thus offers a new perspective on entrepreneurship research, namely the configuration of start-ups in both spatial and social contexts.

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What is a tourism hub?3 answersA tourism hub refers to a location that serves as a central point for gathering and distributing tourists, transferring them to different destinations, and providing management and service functions. These hubs play a crucial role in the development of regional tourism, as they facilitate the movement of tourists, capital, goods, and information. The functions of a tourism hub can vary depending on the specific location. For example, Beijing has strong functions in gathering and distributing tourists, as well as management and services, while Shanghai excels in the transferring function due to its tourist distribution center. The development of a tourism hub requires strategic planning and consideration of factors such as community commitment, socialization, promotion, and opportunities for community empowerment. Overall, tourism hubs are essential components of the tourism industry, providing efficient and high-quality services to enhance the overall tourism experience.
What is a innovation hub?5 answersAn innovation hub is a collaborative platform or ecosystem that supports digital transformation and innovation in various sectors. It serves as a one-stop-shop for enterprises, providing services such as test before invest, support to find investments, innovation ecosystem and networking, skills and training. These hubs aim to overcome innovation hurdles and drive Europe to become a leading innovator in the digital revolution. They facilitate the development and integration of smart applications in existing environments, focusing on proactive digital systems and involving residents in the decision-making process. Innovation hubs also function as a medium of collaboration between innovation actors, governments, and development stakeholders, fostering regional innovation and creating dynamic and sustainable local governments. The services provided by innovation hubs can be classified into different macro-classes, such as data-driven business, ecosystem, skills, and technology, which help shape collaborative networks and support digital transformation processes.
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How can creative hubshelp in the creative economy?5 answersCreative hubs can help in the creative economy by driving economic development, fostering innovation, and supporting the growth of creative industries. They provide a crucial link between social and economic activities, serving as spaces for cultural workers and businesses to collaborate and share knowledge. Creative hubs can be developed based on existing networks, leveraging the strengths and resources of a specific region or community. These hubs can stimulate the emergence of creative ideas and products, adding value and competitiveness to the creative industry sector. Additionally, creative hubs can attract investment, business start-ups, tourism spend, and knowledge workers, contributing to the economic growth of a city or region. However, it is important for policy interventions to be sustainable, balanced, and rooted in the local attributes of a place, in order to protect and cultivate indigenous production.
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