scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Answers from top 10 papers

More filters
Papers (10)Insight
Hence, osmotic backwashing may offer the potential for in-line, ‘low-chemical’ RO membrane cleaning, which would minimize discharge of cleaning chemicals to the environment and their impacts on RO membranes.
This is an undesirable condition for the RO operation and it is suggested from our results that high performance PRO membrane with high water permeation and salt rejection may eliminate this condition.
Our findings demonstrate the potential of this chemical-free RO membrane cleaning method while highlighting the possible challenges of the technique.
The model offers a possible theoretical approach for optimization of RO membrane cleaning by osmotic backwashing.
In addition, hardness removal prior to RO allows maximum recovery without scaling/fouling of the RO membrane.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report that the integrity of the RO membrane for particle removal may be compromised after assembling its spiral wound membrane element.
Therefore, a chemical cleaning process is essential to prevent interruptions for an effective RO membrane filtration process.
Compared with simple RO process, the troublesome membrane fouling can be effectively reduced in the combined process.
However, it can be used consistently to convert end-of-life RO membrane into NF-like recycled membranes using concentrations higher than 10 ppm.
The study also found that the NF membrane can be used as a pre-treatment for the RO membrane to produce high quality water and reduce contaminant concentrations, thereby minimizing the potential for fouling.