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It is suggested that the tension between cohesion and autonomization introduced by globalization is a central dynamic at work in the contemporary EU.
Accordingly, globalization should be promoted.
The region has emerged as both the site upon which the global acts upon the EU, and the level at which the EU has determined that the processes of globalization can best be accommodated.
In this way, it is argued that economic globalization emerged in the EU as a debate on the nature and future of Europe.
Globalization is a contributing factor.
It explains the pattern of similarity and variation in terms of the interplay between globalization pressures, the policy transfer effects of EU institutions, and the domestic institutional environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cameron Graham, Dean Neu 
01 Dec 2003-Accounting Forum
78 Citations
We argue that if globalization is to be useful as a theoretical construct, then detailed research is required into the concrete and specific mechanisms that constitute globalization.
At the country level, the national degree of globalization is associated positively with the communitarian pole and negatively with the cosmopolitan pole in all EU countries.

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Why MLG is implemented in EU?5 answersMulti-level governance (MLG) is implemented in the European Union (EU) to achieve the joint objectives set by member countries and to effectively control and coordinate their activities. The concept of MLG is particularly associated with the processes of regionalization and European integration, as well as the implementation of EU policies and decision-making processes. The establishment of the EU has shifted decision-making power from national control to decision-making within the EU, impacting each country's legal order and methods of control. MLG in the EU aims to balance democratic legitimacy and effectiveness, while also addressing the inherent difficulties regarding constitutional and democratic organization, control, and legitimacy in multi-level polities. The EU's role in global financial governance has also contributed to the implementation of MLG, stabilizing established ideas and approaches in global financial governance.
How can the EU act as an influencer for other countries?5 answersThe EU can act as an influencer for other countries by spreading its values and norms, shaping the institutional designs and policies of regional organizations, exporting its acquis to third countries, and leveraging transnational networks. The EU's external impact goes beyond its borders and can effectively spread its values and standards to candidate countries, countries in its neighborhood, and other regional integration organizations. The EU has the potential to exert interorganizational influence on regional organizations like the African Union (AU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the security domain. Non-EU member states that adopt and implement EU acquis in their national legal orders can influence the content of the EU acquis through their involvement in EU agencies. The EU can also influence good governance policies in ACP states through leverage and transnational networks. The development of EU instruments in the realm of Justice and Home Affairs can be influenced by norms stemming from international organizations.
How does the EU enforce international treaties?3 answersThe EU enforces international treaties through a combination of centralised and decentralised enforcement strategies. The EU has increasingly relied on domestic litigation by NGOs as a decentralised enforcement strategy, particularly in relation to environmental issues. The Court of Justice plays a crucial role in addressing issues about the decentralised enforcement of Union law by private and public actors. Additionally, the EU has been involved in enforcing EU law directly vis-a-vis private actors, and has proliferating EU entities with direct enforcement powers and enforcement networks. However, there are challenges and questions regarding the legitimacy and effectiveness of these enforcement strategies, which require further research. The EU's approach to enforcing international treaties can sometimes be at variance with international standards, leading to a double standard in conflicts between international obligations and European laws or treaties.
How has EU contributed to the growth of the global economy?4 answersThe EU has contributed to the growth of the global economy through various means. The adoption of emission standards for the road transport sector in Europe has led to the global proliferation of emission-regulated vehicles through exports, resulting in a reduction of PM2.5 emissions worldwide. Additionally, the EU has played a complex role in the ongoing globalization process, participating in the interaction between globalisation and regional integration. The internationalisation of the euro, as a new currency, has had consequences for European securities markets, exchange rates, and international financial stability. Furthermore, the EU has been involved in environmental cooperation with developing countries, contributing to global efforts in addressing environmental challenges. Overall, the EU's involvement in emission regulations, regional integration, currency internationalisation, and environmental cooperation has made significant contributions to the growth of the global economy.
How countries respond to globalization?7 answers
How has globalization affected the European Union?6 answers

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