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How does graphene oxide get in the body? 

Graphene
Graphene oxide paper
Inhalation
Biocompatibility
Oxide

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Papers (10)Insight
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Short-term inhalation study of graphene oxide nanoplates.
Young Hun Kim, Mi Seong Jo, Jin Kwon Kim, Jae Hoon Shin, Jin Ee Baek, Hye Seon Park, Hyo Jin An, Jong Seong Lee, Boowook Kim, Hoi Pin Kim, Kang Ho Ahn, KiSoo Jeon, Seung Min Oh, Ji Hyun Lee, Tomomi Workman, Elaine M. Faustman, Il Je Yu 
01 Feb 2018-Nanotoxicology
27 Citations
Importantly, similar to previously reported graphene inhalation data, this short-term nose-only inhalation study found only minimal or unnoticeable graphene oxide toxicity in the lungs and other organs.
Journal Article•DOI
Magnetic electrospun short nanofibers wrapped graphene oxide as a promising biomaterials for guiding cellular behavior
Zhang-Qi Feng, Zhang-Qi Feng, Shi Chuanmei, Bin Zhao, Ting Wang 
01 Dec 2017-Materials Science and Engineering: C
15 Citations
Graphene oxide with functional groups has a promising biological effect.
Journal Article•DOI
Graphene oxide: a substrate for optimizing preparations of frozen-hydrated samples.
Radosav S. Pantelic, Jannik C. Meyer, Ute Kaiser, Wolfgang Baumeister, Jürgen M. Plitzko 
01 Apr 2010-Journal of Structural Biology
154 Citations
Hence, graphene oxide is a particularly promising substrate for the examination of biological materials by electron microscopy.
Journal Article•DOI
Understanding the significance of O-doped graphene towards biomedical applications
Shrikant S. Maktedar, Gopal Avashthi, Man Singh 
05 Dec 2016-RSC Advances
36 Citations
Hence, the structural investigations of graphene oxide have complemented the findings for biological activity and emerged as an advanced functional biomaterial for biomedical applications of graphene.
Journal Article•DOI
Interaction of graphene oxide with albumins: Effect of size, pH, and temperature
Michaela Šimšíková
01 Mar 2016-Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
30 Citations
The strong impact of the size of graphene oxide on the interaction between proteins and graphene oxide has been confirmed, as well.
Journal Article•DOI
Size and time dependent internalization of label-free nano-graphene oxide in human macrophages
Rafael G. Mendes, Angelo Mandarino, Britta Koch, Anne K. Meyer, Alicja Bachmatiuk, Alicja Bachmatiuk, Cordula Hirsch, Thomas Gemming, Oliver G. Schmidt, Zhongfan Liu, Zhongfan Liu, Mark H. Rümmeli, Mark H. Rümmeli 
05 Jan 2017-Nano Research
20 Citations
Graphene oxide shows great promise as a material for biomedical applications, e. g., as a multi-drug delivery platform.
Journal Article•DOI
Graphene-family nanomaterials in wastewater treatment plants
Octavio Suárez-Iglesias, Sergio Collado, Paula Oulego, Mario Díaz 
01 Apr 2017-Chemical Engineering Journal
111 Citations
Besides, graphene oxide has a negative effect on the biological treatment.
Journal Article•DOI
Graphene oxide: a nonspecific enhancer of cellular growth.
Oscar N. Ruiz, K. A. Shiral Fernando, Baojiang Wang, Nicholas A. Brown, Pengju G. Luo, Nicholas D. McNamara, Marlin D. Vangsness, Ya-Ping Sun, Christopher E. Bunker 
29 Sep 2011-ACS Nano
601 Citations
Furthermore, graphene oxide acts as a general enhancer of cellular growth by increasing cell attachment and proliferation.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Graphene oxide selectively targets cancer stem cells, across multiple tumor types: implications for non-toxic cancer treatment, via "differentiation-based nano-therapy".
Marco Fiorillo, Marco Fiorillo, Andrea Francesco Verre, Maria Iliut, Maria Peiris-Pagès, Béla Ózsvári, Ricardo Gandara, Anna Rita Cappello, Federica Sotgia, Aravind Vijayaraghavan, Michael P. Lisanti 
23 Feb 2015-Oncotarget
173 Citations
In striking contrast, graphene oxide is non-toxic for “bulk” cancer cells (non-stem) and normal fibroblasts.
Journal Article•DOI
Interaction of graphene oxide with cell culture medium: Evaluating the fetal bovine serum protein corona formation towards in vitro nanotoxicity assessment and nanobiointeractions.
Lidiane S. Franqui, Marcelo Alexandre de Farias, Rodrigo Villares Portugal, Carlos A. R. Costa, Romênia R. Domingues, Antonio G. Souza Filho, Vitor R. Coluci, Adriana Franco Paes Leme, Diego Stéfani T. Martinez 
01 Jul 2019-Materials Science and Engineering: C
45 Citations
Our results point out implications for in vitro studies of graphene oxide materials concerning the effective dose delivered to cells and corona bioactivity.

Related Questions

What prevents toxicity of reduced graphene oxide in the body?5 answersReduced graphene oxide (RGO) toxicity in the body can be prevented through various methods. One approach is the functionalization of RGO with polymers such as polyethylene glycol, chitosan, and polyvinyl alcohol, which improves biocompatibility, decreases toxicity, and enhances clearance from organs. Another method is the use of a delivery system, such as graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, to load RGO. This delivery system can enhance the drug delivery effect of RGO and reduce its dark toxicity. Additionally, the synthesis techniques used for RGO fabrication play a crucial role in its biocompatibility. Techniques that involve the use of toxic organic solvents, surfactants, strong acids, and oxidants can introduce contaminants that interact with biological cells and tissues, leading to toxicity. Therefore, it is important to carefully select synthesis methods that minimize the presence of toxic residuals in RGO.
How long does graphene oxide last in your body?10 answers
How long does graphene stay in the body?10 answers
How to get graphene oxide out of your system?10 answers
How to get rid of graphene oxide in the body?10 answers
Is Graphene good for the body?10 answers

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