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Graphene is a desirable material for next generation technology.
Graphene is a promising material in next-generation devices.
Graphene is considered to be a promising material for future electronics.
As a result, graphene is the most expensive material known to man, costing approximately $1 per square micron.4 New, high-yield, cheap ways to make graphene are urgently needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2009-Small
347 Citations
It is likely the most readily available and least expensive source for the production of bulk graphene sheets.
Graphene is a promising material due to its outstanding properties.
Based on our work, the researchers can choose graphene products (graphene paper, graphene film, graphene foam or graphene fiber) efficiently according to the research object in the future.
Moreover, this finely tunable, methylated graphene is stable at room temperature, which suggests that it has intrinsic potential for novel applications in graphene-based optoelectronic devices, inviting further studies. Graphene: Taking the mild routeThe discovery of graphene — a sheet of graphite that is only one atom thick — has sparked much enthusiasm in the science and technology communities.
Our finding provides a new experimental instance of graphene and would promote the research and applications of graphene.
On the other hand, isotope substitutions in graphene play a negligible role in modifying the mechanical properties of graphene.

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What are the potential benefits of using CAT as an antioxidant in patients with high blood pressure?
5 answers
Catalase (CAT) has shown promising antioxidant benefits in patients with high blood pressure. Studies have indicated that CAT activity increases significantly in hypertensive individuals undergoing endurance training, potentially contributing to the reduction of oxidative stress associated with hypertension. Additionally, research suggests that CAT, along with other antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, plays a crucial role in counteracting oxidative stress in hypertensive patients. Antioxidant therapies involving CAT have demonstrated positive outcomes, leading to increased total antioxidant capacity and potentially aiding in the management of hypertension. While the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in hypertension control is still under investigation, CAT, as part of a comprehensive antioxidant approach, may offer benefits in reducing oxidative damage and improving blood pressure regulation in hypertensive individuals.
Why the electrolyte layer need to be very thin for proton conducting fuel cell?
5 answers
The electrolyte layer in proton-conducting fuel cells needs to be very thin to minimize losses and enhance performance. Thinner electrolytes reduce active, ohmic, and mass transfer losses associated with the cell, leading to improved efficiency. For instance, in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, thick electrodes enhance reaction rates and overall cell performance by approximately 10%, while thick electrolytes have negligible effects on performance within a limited range. Additionally, in solid oxide fuel cells, thin-film electrolyte membranes are crucial to decrease ohmic losses at lower operating temperatures, achieved through advanced materials design and electrophoretic deposition techniques. Therefore, the thin electrolyte layer is essential in proton-conducting fuel cells to optimize performance and efficiency by minimizing losses and enhancing reaction rates.
What can i use as a substitution for pectin in candy and why?
5 answers
In candy production, pectin substitution can be effectively achieved by using bulking agents like inulin, polydextrose, and isomalt. These substitutes offer various advantages such as improved sensory characteristics, lower energy values, and potential prebiotic activity. Additionally, the alginate/pectin cold-set gelation technique presents a sustainable alternative for jelly candy manufacturing, influencing physicochemical parameters positively while reducing energy requirements. Moreover, a sugar-free pectin soft candy enriched with vitamins can be a nutritious option, addressing nutrient deficiencies and dental health concerns in children. Furthermore, innovative approaches like utilizing pectin from fruit peel for jelly candy production showcase the potential for natural and functional candy options. Overall, these substitutions and techniques offer a range of benefits, from enhancing nutritional value to improving sustainability in candy manufacturing processes.
How strain is defined in graphene at the atomic level?
5 answers
Strain in graphene at the atomic level refers to the deformation of the lattice structure due to external forces or defects. The atomic-scale response of graphene to strain can be observed through techniques like nanoindentation and transmission electron microscopy, allowing for precise measurements of bond lengths and strain distribution. By creating strain patterns in graphene, researchers can manipulate its properties and study the effects on charge carriers. While previous approaches focused on small strains, new discrete frameworks enable accurate calculations of strain-induced gauge fields even under large strains, providing insights into the mechanical and electrical behavior of strained graphene at the atomic level.
How does smoke cause miopathy?
5 answers
Smoke exposure, whether from cigarette smoke or fire smoke, can lead to cardiomyopathy through various mechanisms. Cigarette smoke exposure has been shown to decrease mitochondrial respiration and phosphorylation in the heart muscle. Inhalation of toxic components like carbon monoxide and nicotine contributes to metabolic injury in mitochondria, leading to smoke cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, exposure to fire smoke, containing substances like carbon monoxide, cyanide, and soot, can result in asphyxia and inhalation of irritating combustion products, affecting lung macrophages and inducing oxidative stress. These toxicants can lead to respiratory irritation, lung damage, and even fatal outcomes, emphasizing the detrimental impact of smoke inhalation on cardiac and respiratory health.
What is the role of technical aspects in film?
5 answers
Technical aspects in film play a crucial role in various stages of film production and presentation. From the manufacturing of film equipment for clamping, tensioning, and cleaning films, to the utilization of contemporary digital media for colorimetry and cinematography, technical elements significantly impact the quality and visual appeal of films. Quality control processes in screen-film radiography and film processing ensure consistent high-quality radiographs. Moreover, the analysis of technical imagery in western sci-fi films demonstrates how technical images are used to convey emotions, stimulate thinking, and shape the director's vision. Thin film science and technology contribute to the development of future devices by engineering properties like porosity and crystallite size. Overall, technical aspects in film production enhance storytelling, visual aesthetics, and audience engagement.
What are the advantages of implementing an healthy foods using fruits and vegetables?
5 answers
Implementing healthy foods using fruits and vegetables offers numerous advantages. These foods are rich in essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and bioactive compounds, contributing to overall health and well-being. The bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables, such as polyphenols, have been linked to preventing chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and obesity. Consuming a diet abundant in fruits and vegetables can also help in reducing the risk of various health issues like high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. Additionally, these foods have hydrating, satiating, and attractive qualities, making them a favorable choice to displace less healthy options rich in saturated fats, sugars, or salt.
Total citations of Integrated Ferroelectrics Journal?
4 answers
The Integrated Ferroelectrics Journal has been cited in multiple research papers discussing the fabrication and application of ferroelectric transistors integrated with van der Waals ferroelectrics heterostructures, highlighting their potential for nonvolatile memory characteristics and low-dimensional ferroelectronics exploration. Additionally, the journal has been referenced in studies focusing on the fundamental properties of ferroelectric materials compatible with 2D devices, including ferroelectric-gated negative capacitance field-effect transistors and nonvolatile memories, emphasizing the integration of ferroelectrics into next-generation electronics. Furthermore, the journal has been cited in research exploring the integration of ferroelectric thin films into standard CMOS processes for nonvolatile memory applications, showcasing the potential of ferroelectric memories as the ultimate memory solution due to their low power operation and fast access characteristics.
What is the density metallic paint of in terms of high low or medium?
5 answers
The density of metallic paint can vary depending on its composition and application. In the provided contexts, different approaches to creating metallic coatings with varying densities are discussed. For instance, a metal film-forming paint aims to achieve high metallic density despite thinness, with a metallic density of 50 mass% or higher. On the other hand, a high solid metal coating is designed to have high solidity and low viscosity, meeting automotive coating standards while doubling the solid content compared to common cellulose acetate butyrate. These examples highlight the range of densities achievable in metallic paints, from high density in thin films to high solidity with low viscosity in high solid coatings.
What are the potential applications and advantages of graphene-based membranes versus zeolite-based membranes in carbon dioxide separation, and?
4 answers
Graphene-based membranes and zeolite-based membranes each offer unique advantages for carbon dioxide separation, with potential applications that leverage their distinct properties. Graphene-based membranes are celebrated for their high separation potential, attributed to their tunable nanosized channels, high surface area, and porosity, which are crucial for efficient ion and molecule separation. The solvent-ink-jet printing technique described for graphene layers indicates a novel approach to overcoming challenges in scalable manufacturing, showing promising CO2 separation performance with a significant decrease in CO2 composition in permeate. Graphene oxide (GO), in particular, has shown great potential in membrane-based separation, with its incorporation into membranes enhancing permeation and metal ions rejection rates, indicating its versatility beyond gas separation to applications like heavy metals removal from polluted water. On the other hand, zeolite membranes, as compiled in a review, have seen recent advancements that significantly improve selectivities and permeances for CO2 and N2, suggesting reduced energy demand and lower operational costs. However, their commercial deployment requires further studies to assess long-term operation and separation performance in multicomponent systems. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), a subset of zeolite membranes, when modified with graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), have shown to rigidify the framework, leading to high H2/CO2 separation performance, indicating their potential application in blue hydrogen production. Comparatively, graphene-based membranes offer broader application potential due to their mechanical properties and tunability, which are advantageous for both gas separation and water treatment. Zeolite membranes, with their improved selectivity and permeance for specific gases, present a cost-effective option for industrial gas separation processes. The integration of graphene or GNRs into zeolite frameworks combines the strengths of both materials, suggesting a synergistic approach for enhancing separation performance.
How do factors such as temperature affects smell quality of strawberries?
5 answers
Temperature plays a crucial role in influencing the smell quality of strawberries. Research indicates that an increase in temperature during growth and storage can impact the aroma profile of strawberries. Higher temperatures during growth have been associated with changes in volatile composition, potentially leading to off-flavors in postharvest stages. Additionally, storage temperature variations affect the volatile composition of strawberries, with different packaging materials influencing the evolution of fermentative metabolites that contribute to aroma changes. Furthermore, environmental factors like air temperature differentials during fruit ripening have been linked to aromatic volatile concentrations in strawberries, emphasizing the importance of temperature management for maintaining fruit quality attributes, including aroma.