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Experimental results show a correct detection rate of 94.9% when the gas sensor array is exposed to propane, ethanol and carbon monoxide.
We report the first detection of propane, C3H8, in Saturn's stratosphere.
Due to its low dark current, this detector does not require cooling, thus it is better suited for portable use and for chemical measurements on-site.
Ethylene and propane concentration measurements were made, demonstrating the versatility of the sensor for multiple fuels.
The system shows a reasonable estimate of the HRR as compared to the propane calibration burner.
This study demonstrates that the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane on "GaON" can take place without oxygen in the gaseous phase, thus implying a redox Mars-van Krevelen mechanism, which involves the contribution of lattice oxygen and possibly nitrogen during the activation of propane on the sensor surface.

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Why is water absorption important on compressive earth blocks?
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Water absorption is crucial in compressed earth blocks as it directly impacts their quality and performance. High water absorption rates can lead to reduced strength properties and affect the bond between blocks and mortar. Research on Compressed Stabilised Earth Blocks (CSEB) highlights that water absorption rates are influenced by factors like the type of stabilizing material used and the compaction pressure applied during manufacturing. Studies on interlocking compressed earth bricks emphasize that water absorption can affect the structural integrity of masonry units, making it a key property to consider alongside compressive strength. Additionally, investigations on stabilised CEBs produced from oil wastewater reveal that moderate water absorption rates indicate the blocks have pores with moderate water accessibility, impacting their overall durability and suitability for construction.
What is the problem from drankensburg mountains rock fall ?
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The rock falls in the Drakensberg Mountains pose various problems. These include safety hazards due to falling boulders potentially causing harm to individuals, disrupting transportation routes, damaging infrastructure like roads and buildings, and limiting the development of settlements at the mountain's base. Additionally, the occurrence of rock falls can lead to excessive loads on protective structures, such as rock fall guard nets, which may require adjustments to prevent damage from snow accumulation. To address these issues, monitoring systems utilizing optical fibers for detecting rock falls have been developed to reduce malfunctions and enhance safety measures in rock fall-prone areas. Furthermore, comprehensive studies and modeling techniques are essential for identifying vulnerable zones and implementing effective protection measures against rock falls in mountainous regions like the Drakensberg Mountains.
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Laser ablation of magnesium in isopropanol results in the formation of Mg and MgO structures, as confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Isopropanol decomposition over MgO catalysts reveals that the total conversion and acetone selectivity are influenced by reaction conditions, with water addition enhancing conversion and selectivity. MgO/SiO2 catalysts prepared via different methods show varying catalytic activities in the decomposition of 2-propanol, with surface acidity affecting the conversion of alcohol to propene. Magnesia-alumina mixed oxide catalysts synthesized through sol-gel techniques exhibit enhanced acetone selectivity when water is introduced into the reaction stream, leading to the formation of active hydroxyl groups on the catalyst surface. Overall, the decomposition of isopropanol over magnesium-based catalysts involves complex pathways influenced by surface properties and reaction conditions.
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The introduction of CO2 as a diluent in oxy-moderated combustion significantly impacts temperature distribution. Studies show that in oxy-fuel combustion (OFC) scenarios with CO2 dilution, the presence of CO2 leads to lower average temperatures in the combustion furnace, better temperature uniformity, and higher CO emissions. Additionally, CO2 dilution affects thermal and chemical performance, influencing factors such as temperature distribution, propane pyrolysis, and CO formation mechanisms. Furthermore, in swirl-stabilized diffusion flames, CO2 addition to fuel and oxidizer streams results in reduced flame temperatures and lengths, along with changes in flame strength and CO concentration. Overall, the incorporation of CO2 as a diluent plays a crucial role in altering temperature profiles and combustion characteristics in oxy-moderated combustion systems.
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