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How long does graphene oxide stay in your body? 

Toxicity
Graphene
Nanomaterials
Inhalation
Oxide

Answers from top 10 papers

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Papers (10)Insight
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Hypochlorite degrades 2D graphene oxide sheets faster than 1D oxidised carbon nanotubes and nanohorns
Leon Newman, Neus Lozano, Minfang Zhang, Sumio Iijima, Masako Yudasaka, Cyrill Bussy, Kostas Kostarelos 
08 Nov 2017
33 Citations
The present study shows the timeline of physical and chemical alterations of oxidised carbon nanomaterials, demonstrating a faster degradation of 2D graphene oxide sheets compared to 1D oxidised carbon nanomaterials over 7 days in the presence of an oxidising species. Carbon nanomaterials: graphene oxide degrades rapidly when exposed to hypochloriteOxidised carbon nanomaterials degrade into amorphous structures upon exposure to hypochlorite, a naturally occurring anion in human body.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Short-term inhalation study of graphene oxide nanoplates.
Young Hun Kim, Mi Seong Jo, Jin Kwon Kim, Jae Hoon Shin, Jin Ee Baek, Hye Seon Park, Hyo Jin An, Jong Seong Lee, Boowook Kim, Hoi Pin Kim, Kang Ho Ahn, KiSoo Jeon, Seung Min Oh, Ji Hyun Lee, Tomomi Workman, Elaine M. Faustman, Il Je Yu 
01 Feb 2018-Nanotoxicology
27 Citations
Importantly, similar to previously reported graphene inhalation data, this short-term nose-only inhalation study found only minimal or unnoticeable graphene oxide toxicity in the lungs and other organs.
Journal Article•DOI
Effects of surface charges of graphene oxide on neuronal outgrowth and branching
Qin Tu, Long Pang, Yun Chen, Yanrong Zhang, Rui Zhang, Bingzhang Lu, Jinyi Wang 
07 Jan 2014-Analyst
139 Citations
The ability to chemically modify graphene oxide to control neurite outgrowth could be implemented clinically, especially in cases wherein long-term presence of outgrowth modulation is necessary.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Graphene oxide selectively targets cancer stem cells, across multiple tumor types: implications for non-toxic cancer treatment, via "differentiation-based nano-therapy".
Marco Fiorillo, Marco Fiorillo, Andrea Francesco Verre, Maria Iliut, Maria Peiris-Pagès, Béla Ózsvári, Ricardo Gandara, Anna Rita Cappello, Federica Sotgia, Aravind Vijayaraghavan, Michael P. Lisanti 
23 Feb 2015-Oncotarget
173 Citations
In striking contrast, graphene oxide is non-toxic for “bulk” cancer cells (non-stem) and normal fibroblasts.
Journal Article•DOI
Unraveling Stress‐Induced Toxicity Properties of Graphene Oxide and the Underlying Mechanism
Wendi Zhang, Chi Wang, Zhongjun Li, Zhenzhen Lu, Yiye Li, Jun-Jie Yin, Yu-Ting Zhou, Xingfa Gao, Ying Fang, Guangjun Nie, Yuliang Zhao 
09 Oct 2012-Advanced Materials
216 Citations
Graphene oxide shows stress-induced toxicity properties in vivo under different pathophysiological conditions.
Journal Article•DOI
Graphene-family nanomaterials in wastewater treatment plants
Octavio Suárez-Iglesias, Sergio Collado, Paula Oulego, Mario Díaz 
01 Apr 2017-Chemical Engineering Journal
111 Citations
Besides, graphene oxide has a negative effect on the biological treatment.
Journal Article•DOI
Reduced fecundity and cellular changes in Acheta domesticus after multigenerational exposure to graphene oxide nanoparticles in food.
Marta Dziewięcka, P. Witas, Julia Karpeta-Kaczmarek, Jolanta Kwaśniewska, Barbara Flasz, Katarzyna Balin, Maria Augustyniak 
01 Sep 2018-Science of The Total Environment
24 Citations
It is possible that graphene oxide can cause multigenerational harmful effects.
Journal Article•DOI
Experimental study on the reducibility of graphene oxide by hydrazine hydrate
Peiying Zhu, Ming Shen, Shuhua Xiao, Dong Zhang 
01 Feb 2011-Physica B-condensed Matter
56 Citations
The experimental results reveal a basis for the research of the application of graphene oxide.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Biotransformation and Biological Interaction of Graphene and Graphene Oxide during Simulated Oral Ingestion.
Daniela Guarnieri, Paola Sánchez-Moreno, Antonio Esau Del Rio Castillo, Francesco Bonaccorso, Francesca Gatto, Francesca Gatto, Giuseppe Bardi, Cristina Martín, Ester Vázquez, Tiziano Catelani, Stefania Sabella, Pier Paolo Pompa 
01 Jun 2018-Small
50 Citations
Chronic exposure to digested graphene does not affect intestinal barrier integrity and is not associated with inflammation and cytotoxicity, though possible long-term adverse effects cannot be ruled out.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Kaolin alleviates the toxicity of graphene oxide for mammalian cells
Elvira Rozhina, Svetlana Batasheva, Anna Danilushkina, Marina Kryuchkova, Marina O. Gomzikova, Yuliya Cherednichenko, Läysän Nigamatzyanova, Farida Akhatova, Rawil Fakhrullin 
14 Aug 2019-MedChemComm
17 Citations
Thus, methods and agents reducing the toxicity of graphene oxide can widen its practical application.

Related Questions

What prevents toxicity of reduced graphene oxide in the body?5 answersReduced graphene oxide (RGO) toxicity in the body can be prevented through various methods. One approach is the functionalization of RGO with polymers such as polyethylene glycol, chitosan, and polyvinyl alcohol, which improves biocompatibility, decreases toxicity, and enhances clearance from organs. Another method is the use of a delivery system, such as graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, to load RGO. This delivery system can enhance the drug delivery effect of RGO and reduce its dark toxicity. Additionally, the synthesis techniques used for RGO fabrication play a crucial role in its biocompatibility. Techniques that involve the use of toxic organic solvents, surfactants, strong acids, and oxidants can introduce contaminants that interact with biological cells and tissues, leading to toxicity. Therefore, it is important to carefully select synthesis methods that minimize the presence of toxic residuals in RGO.
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How to get graphene out of body?10 answers
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