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These wax models have a long shelf life and are suitable for use in microscopic examination comparison of questioned and known tool marks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rainer Hoffmann, Lene Amundsen 
18 Feb 2010-Energy & Fuels
112 Citations
The main finding is that molecular diffusion is indeed the central mechanism that steers wax deposition but that an acc...
Preliminary results suggest that an eight times reduction in wax deposition can potentially be achieved.
Wax generation efficiency could be affected by organic material abundance and maturity.
A longer vapor residence time in the second step was found to help reducing the amount of wax derived from polyethylene.
A possible wax prevention mechanism is proposed, which can be calculated from water film theory.
The timely removal of wax can make large saving in operational cost.
Overall, the experiments presented in this paper indicate that Chinese wax seems slightly more resistant to ageing than beeswax.
Graphite significantly reduces the wax loss from the samples.
Expanded graphite has a reinforcing effect on the PCM, resulting in an increase in the toughness (Young’s modulus) Significant amounts of wax are leached from the samples, and a higher wax content also results in more wax leakage.

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