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How long is copper fungicide good after mixed? 

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The minimal yield response to treatments suggests that under similar situations, the frequency of copper-based fungicide applications may be reduced with little affect on yield.
Results indicate that the leaching rate of the fungicide is very slow (1.0 cm day(-1)) under normal conditions.
The results obtained with carbohydrates indicated that such substances are not involved in the liberation of soluble copper from this fungicide.
It is concluded that changes in digestive gland cells, as a result of copper oxychloride exposure, may possibly serve as biomarkers of exposure to this fungicide.
The toxic effects of copper persist after removal of the toxicant and occur at concentrations much lower than reported lethal levels.
The effect of the metal highlights the importance of the analysis of the consequence of copper utilization as fungicide on microbial activities.

Related Questions

Why does copper limit fungal growth?5 answersCopper limits fungal growth due to its dual role as an essential micronutrient and a potential toxic agent. Fungi like Candida albicans become sensitized to both copper limitation and elevation during exposure to antifungal drugs like fluconazole, impacting their tolerance. Copper accumulation can lead to toxicity, prompting the use of copper variants as antifungal agents in agriculture and medicine. Copper's bactericidal and fungicidal properties have been demonstrated, with copper alloy surfaces effectively reducing microbial growth. In fungi like Cryptococcus neoformans, copper homeostasis mechanisms are crucial for adapting to changing copper levels during infection, with proteins like Cbi1 playing a role in copper uptake and cell wall integrity, linking copper homeostasis with adaptive changes in the fungal cell wall.
What are the most effective ways to prolong the effectiveness of fungicides?5 answersEffective ways to prolong the effectiveness of fungicides include using different modes of action and limiting repeat applications of any single mode of action. Other tactics include reducing the amount of fungal inoculum, minimizing the time the fungicide is in contact with the fungus, and using other fungicides in mixtures or alternations. It is important to find optimal combinations of dose rate and number of applications that provide effective control while also leading to a longer effective life. Additionally, the use of polymeric matrix systems at macro and nanoscales can enhance fungicide delivery and prolong its residence time on plants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of resistance can help in detecting and monitoring the incidence of resistance in field populations, and risk models can be used to evaluate effective strategies for reducing or preventing resistance.
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