How many gene mutations do fruit flies have?
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| All but one of the candidate genes resulted in aberrant behavioral activity, suggesting involvement of these genes in behavioral activity in fruit flies. | |
57 Citations | In comparisons to fruit flies, many conserved genes are found to be expressed very differently, while many others seem to reflect a comparable pattern and thus suggest a conservation of function. |
48 Citations | These experiments with wild-type flies provide a basis for the analysis of mutations at the Yp genes which alter the structure of individual YPs. |
15 Citations | We describe mutant phenotypes in three species of Hawaiian fruit flies; the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel); and melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), that allow rapid field identification of flies even after they have been dead and dried for several weeks. |
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Why is fruit fly used in biology experiment.Especially in genetics?4 answersThe fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is extensively used in biology experiments, particularly in genetics, due to its outstanding genetic characteristics, rapid reproduction, low cost, and relatively perfect nervous system. This model organism offers a powerful platform for studying neuropsychiatric disorders, providing insights into the molecular aspects of diseases like liver pathologies. Drosophila's high genetic similarity to humans, with around 68% conservation of human cancer genes, makes it a valuable tool for cancer research, drug discovery, and drug repurposing. The fruit fly's utility extends to investigating cancer-related signaling pathways, drug screening, and understanding tumor development mechanisms, offering a cost-effective and efficient approach to study cancer biology and pharmacological interventions.
What are mars mutations?5 answersMARS mutations refer to genetic alterations in the MARS gene, which plays a crucial role in various neurological and physiological conditions. These mutations have been associated with different disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). MARS mutations can lead to a spectrum of clinical presentations, including sensorimotor neuropathy, peripheral nerve degeneration, and polyneuropathy with varying onset ages and severity levels. The impact of MARS mutations on the function of the cytosolic methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) enzyme can result in pathophysiological changes, affecting processes like aminoacylation and methionine recognition. Understanding these mutations is crucial for diagnosing and managing related disorders, expanding our knowledge of the genetic basis of these conditions.
Why are fruit flies model organisms?5 answersFruit flies, particularly Drosophila melanogaster, are widely used as model organisms due to their advantageous characteristics. They offer a cost-effective and easily manageable system for studying various biological processes. Drosophila models have been instrumental in genetic research, especially in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and ALS, due to their short lifespan and ability to produce many progenies, facilitating large-scale genetic screens. Additionally, the genetic similarities and conserved pathways between fruit flies and mammals make them valuable for uncovering novel mechanisms of infection and disease progression, aiding in infectious disease prevention strategies in higher organisms, including humans. Furthermore, Drosophila's extensive genetic tools have been crucial in understanding muscle stem cell biology, providing insights applicable to other model organisms.
What are the different types of fruit flies that are found in the world?5 answersFruit flies belong to the family Tephritidae and the family Drosophilidae. The family Tephritidae includes nearly 5,000 described species of fruit flies, categorized in almost 500 genera. Flies in the family Tephritidae are referred to as true fruit flies and are serious pests of commercially grown fruits and vegetables. Some of the important genera in this family include Bactrocera and Zeugodacus. The subfamily Dacinae, which belongs to the family Tephritidae, is of considerable agricultural concern in the tropics and sub-tropics. Bactrocera dorsalis, B. correcta, B. latifrons, and B. cucurbitae are some of the species of fruit flies found in this family. Overall, there are approximately 4,000 known species of fruit flies distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions of the world.
What are the different types of genetic mutations?5 answersDifferent types of genetic mutations include single base-pair substitutions in coding, regulatory, and splicing-relevant regions of human genes, micro-deletions, micro-insertions, duplications, repeat expansions, combined micro-insertions/deletions ("indels"), inversions, gross deletions and insertions, and complex rearrangements. These mutations can occur not only in coding sequences but also in promoter regions, splice junctions, introns, untranslated regions, and noncoding RNAs. The nature, size, and location of these mutations are often determined by specific characteristics of the local DNA sequence environment or higher order features of the genomic architecture. Understanding these mutations is crucial for comprehending the pathophysiology of inherited disorders, optimizing diagnostic testing, and guiding the design of therapeutic approaches.
How does mutation in the a-synuclein gene contribute to Parkinson's disease?3 answersMutations in the α-synuclein gene have been found to contribute to Parkinson's disease. The A30G mutation in the SNCA gene, which encodes for α-synuclein, has been shown to alter the protein's structure and membrane binding. Another mutation, VPS35[D620N], causes lysosome dysfunction and enhances LRRK2 kinase activity, leading to the phosphorylation of Rab proteins at the lysosome. Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA) gene, such as L444P, are associated with loss of enzymatic activity and abnormal α-synuclein-lipid interactions, promoting α-synuclein deposition. These mutations result in altered membrane lipid profiles, including an increase in sphingolipid levels and a shift towards shorter-chain sphingolipids. The altered lipid profile may increase the risk of α-synuclein aggregate pathology. Overall, these mutations in the α-synuclein gene contribute to the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein and the development of Parkinson's disease.