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Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2002-Neural Networks
41 Citations
Overall this work illustrates how a hardware-realisable neuron model can capitalise on the unique computational capabilities of biological neurons.
Journal ArticleDOI
50 Citations
The alternative theory asserts that each memory is distributed across many millions of neurons.
Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1990
10 Citations
This flexibility in neuron motor output provides the network with many different outputs from a small set of neurons.
The new neurons are sufficiently robust for operation in large networks.
These findings are helpful for understanding the input-output properties of many types of neurons.

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What are the key stages in the electronics manufacturing process?
4 answers
The key stages in the electronics manufacturing process involve several critical steps. Initially, the system is modeled for optimization, followed by the creation of electronic components, interconnections, and printed wiring boards. Soldering and solderability play a crucial role in the assembly process. Additionally, the process includes the use of solder paste flux, incorporating epoxy resin, carboxylic acid, and other components for surface mount electronic manufacturing. Furthermore, the manufacturing process may entail hot melting solder to bond electronic devices to circuit substrates, involving controlled heating and pressure conditions. Overall, these stages encompass system optimization, component production, soldering, and bonding processes crucial for electronic manufacturing.
What analysis of the market structure of south african broadcasting industry?
5 answers
The analysis of the market structure of the South African broadcasting industry reveals various key aspects. South African media industries, particularly in television formats, are dominated by South African companies, showcasing hegemonic status in the global TV-format chain. Despite advancements, public service broadcasting in South Africa faces pressures from political, governmental, and economic actors, impacting power dynamics within the industry. The evolving broadcast landscape necessitates new strategies for broadcasters to thrive in a competitive environment, emphasizing the importance of audience engagement and innovation. In contrast, the South African newspaper industry has seen limited change post-democracy, with challenges such as media accessibility, politicization of agencies, and control by major players affecting independent media's future and market dynamics.
What is QAOA? What are some of the state-of-the-art methods for solving optimization problems using QAOA?
5 answers
The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a variational quantum algorithm designed for Near-term Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers to tackle combinatorial optimization problems. It employs a quantum-classical loop with a quantum ansatz and classical optimizer to minimize a cost function computed on a quantum device. Some cutting-edge methods for optimizing QAOA include utilizing classical optimizers like Adam and AMSGrad for shot noise scenarios, where SPSA, Adam, and AMSGrad excel under real noise conditions. Additionally, studies suggest that increasing the number of layers in the QAOA circuit beyond six may lead to a decline in solution quality, indicating that more layers do not necessarily enhance accuracy in noisy environments.
How to teach neurons via stdp?
5 answers
To teach neurons via Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP), a method involves unsupervised learning of hierarchical networks of artificial neurons. Neurons integrate spikes from lower levels, triggering learning spikes upon reaching thresholds, modifying synaptic conductance, and delivering inhibitory signals. Additionally, STDP learning hardware utilizes Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) circuits and a time generator to adjust pulse width based on voltage differences, facilitating signal transmission and conductance changes. Neuron circuits embedded with dopamine-modulated STDP explore learning processes with short-term STDP and dopamine rewards, crucial for neuromorphic systems and noisy synapses. Furthermore, a hierarchical neural network model incorporates STDP synapses to mimic human decision-making in visual tasks, demonstrating the training of synaptic weights to replicate decision patterns based on age differences. Overall, these methods showcase how STDP can effectively train neurons in various neural network architectures.
What is some of the limitations of quantum chemical computations?
5 answers
Limitations of quantum chemical computations include current hardware constraints like limited qubits, coherence times, and gate infidelities, hindering the implementation of quantum algorithms efficiently. Additionally, the classical and near-classical treatment of complex molecules on quantum computers is restricted by the availability of few noisy qubits, necessitating innovative approaches to reduce qubit counts while maintaining accuracy. Quantum algorithms designed for large, strongly correlated systems face exponential computation costs, although advancements like the local active space unitary coupled cluster algorithm aim to mitigate this by scaling linearly with system size for certain geometries. Despite the potential of quantum computing in handling strongly correlated systems, challenges persist due to hardware limitations and the complexity of accurately modeling molecules with d-orbitals.
Is negative power in electrical poweruseful ?
4 answers
Negative power in electrical power systems can have various implications. In the context of electricity spot trading, negative prices are a natural occurrence due to limited plant flexibility, making them economically optimal in certain situations. Additionally, negative sequence elements in power systems can be utilized to detect faults by calculating differential values between phase currents, aiding in fault detection and system protection. Furthermore, negative effects on electrical equipment and consumers can arise from deviations in power quality, leading to losses and damage. Monitoring voltage unbalance coefficients in negative sequences can help identify asymmetries and causes of voltage unbalance in power systems. Therefore, while negative power aspects like prices and sequences may seem counterintuitive, they serve important functions in power trading, system protection, and quality management.
Is negative power in electrical power useful ?
4 answers
Negative power in electrical power systems can have both positive and negative implications. Negative prices in electricity markets, as observed in European and non-European markets, can be economically optimal due to limited plant flexibility, impacting spot trading significantly. On the other hand, negative effects on electrical equipment and consumers can arise from deviations in electrical energy quality, leading to losses and damage. In AC circuits, the concept of negative frequency is explored, posing questions about its existence and value, particularly in educational contexts for electrical engineering students. Additionally, negative sequence differential elements can be utilized to detect faults in power systems by analyzing negative sequence values derived from phase-current measurements. Therefore, while negative power can be beneficial in certain market scenarios, it can also lead to challenges and issues in power quality and system reliability.
How has the portrayal of Arab women in Western media evolved over time, and what factors influence these changes?
4 answers
The portrayal of Arab women in Western media has evolved significantly over time, influenced by various factors. Initially, Arab women were often depicted through Orientalist lenses, portraying them as either sexually obsessed or oppressed. However, with changing global dynamics, there has been a shift towards more positive representations, showcasing Arab women as powerful and empowered individuals in society. Factors such as the Arab uprisings and the impact of globalization have played crucial roles in reshaping these portrayals, leading to a more nuanced understanding of Arab women's identities and roles in contemporary media narratives. This evolution reflects a broader trend towards challenging stereotypes and promoting gender equality in media representations of Arab women.
How can a portable ionization chamber be designed and implemented for effective environmental radiation monitoring?
5 answers
A portable ionization chamber for environmental radiation monitoring can be designed by incorporating essential components like a radiation sensor, data processing circuit, wireless transmission circuit, and power management circuit within a compact shell. The ionization chamber should consist of high-voltage electrodes, a collector, and insulators for accurate radiation detection. To ensure precise measurements, corrections for gas density, recombination, and polarity effects must be considered. The design should focus on achieving a wide dynamic range, low current measurement capabilities, and minimal error in dose rate measurements. Additionally, the device should have features like real-time online monitoring, alarm systems for exceeding standard doses, and loss of radiation source alerts for effective radiation monitoring.
What is star and celebrity?
5 answers
Stars and celebrities are distinct yet interconnected concepts. Stars traditionally represent individuals in the entertainment industry, embodying exceptional talent and charisma. On the other hand, celebrities have evolved beyond mere talent, becoming societal figures influenced by fans and media, transcending traditional industry structures. The media plays a pivotal role in constructing celebrities, blurring the lines between public and private life, and promoting a culture of consumption and leisure. The allure of celebrity status is intertwined with the market, where success is often measured by commercial viability and market appeal. Ultimately, both stars and celebrities symbolize the intersection of individual talent, societal influence, and market forces in shaping public perception and cultural discourse.
How do anxiety effect movie enjoyment?
5 answers
Anxiety can significantly impact movie enjoyment by influencing individual reactions to fear-inducing stimuli like horror movies. Research suggests that personal characteristics, such as trait anxiety, empathy, emotional regulation, and sensation seeking, play a crucial role in determining one's propensity to enjoy horror films. Furthermore, anxiety correlates with dynamic connectivity between brain regions like the amygdala and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during movie watching, affecting responses to anxiogenic features in films. Films that provoke anxiety in viewers by creating uncertainty and destabilizing narratives can lead to a state of gripping engagement, affecting the overall movie experience. Additionally, anxiety can alter neural-autonomic coherence during suspenseful movie-watching, indicating a complex interplay between anxiety levels and physiological responses to movie stimuli.