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We show that with the 4g technology it will be possible to simulate networks of 109 neurons and 10,000 synapses per neuron on the K computer.
Computer simulation shows that the model not only distinguishes the target in the task, but also explains the activity of the IT neurons very well.
Sensitivity measurements from single neurons suggested that small numbers of neurons may account for a monkey's psychophysical performance (Britten et al., 1992), but trial-to-trial variability in activity of single MT neurons are only weakly correlated with the monkey's behavior, suggesting that the monkey's decision must be based on the responses of many neurons (Britten et al., 1996).
None of the NPY neurons are pyramidal; many are likely to be local circuit neurons, but some appear to have extrinsic connections.
This flexibility in neuron motor output provides the network with many different outputs from a small set of neurons.
Several recent studies recording neuronal activities from behaving animals have shown that ensemble activity of neurons represents specific information, indicating the reality of population coding by many neurons.
Our computer simulation results suggest a possible explanation, namely that there are few neurons providing highly reliable information for the perceptual task, and that learning involves searching for these rare, informative neurons during the course of training.
This allows us to integrate many neurons on one chip, which, compared with other photonic solutions, closest resembles a classical neural network.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
19 Nov 2015
48 Citations
Neurons also differ in another fundamental aspect from processors in a digital computer: they produce spikes according to stochastic rather than deterministic rules.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
18 Mar 2003-Current Biology
968 Citations
Electrophysiological recordings show that individual neurons in cortex are strongly activated when engaged in appropriate tasks, but they tell us little about how many neurons might be engaged by a task, which is important to know if we are to understand how cortex encodes information.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2002-Neural Networks
41 Citations
Overall this work illustrates how a hardware-realisable neuron model can capitalise on the unique computational capabilities of biological neurons.
This demonstrates that neurons are capable of communicating directly with memristors, without the need for computer translation.
These findings are helpful for understanding the input-output properties of many types of neurons.
These results show that many neurons had a heterogeneous functionality by representing distinct task variables at different periods of the task.

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How do biomarkers of glucose differ between healthy aging and diabetes?
4 answers
Biomarkers of glucose exhibit distinct patterns between healthy aging and diabetes. In healthy individuals, the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) and HbA1c rise significantly with age, showing a positive correlation. Structural stability of biomarkers may vary across age groups, with reduced ordinal stability in aging populations. Specific biomarkers in routine testing show age-associated changes, with a reduction in factor structure complexity from adults to the oldest old. Variability in alternative biomarkers like fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol is quantified in older adults with and without diabetes, highlighting differences in short-term variability. A biosensor method for detecting glucose concentrations in diabetes biomarkers emphasizes the importance of accurate glucose detection. These findings collectively underscore the nuanced differences in glucose biomarkers between healthy aging and diabetes.
What are the specific impacts on people of rock falls in the area of study in south africa?
4 answers
Rock falls in South Africa have significant impacts on people in various ways. In the Drakensberg region, rockfall events have led to casualties and fatalities, with trajectories, run-out distances, kinetic energies, and velocities estimated to assess the hazard level. In narrow tabular mining operations, rockfalls cause mining accidents, financial losses, reduced productivity, dilution, and loss of reserves, highlighting the need for effective risk mitigation strategies. In Lubango, Angola, rock falls during rainfall periods pose a threat to homes, necessitating mitigation measures for human safety. Additionally, falls in older populations in low-income settings, like Cape Town, present challenges due to poverty, low literacy levels, and high attrition rates, emphasizing the need for adaptive research strategies. These studies collectively underscore the diverse and significant impacts of rock falls on people in different geographical and demographic contexts.
What is the effect of wastes and how many wastes in the world ?
5 answers
The impact of wastes on the environment is significant globally. Waste generation, including organic waste, solid waste, and food waste, poses various challenges such as pollution, health hazards, and resource depletion. Improper waste management leads to soil degradation, air and water pollution, spread of diseases, and reduction in available fertile land. The world generates a substantial amount of waste, with estimates indicating that global waste generation has increased from 635 million tons in 1965 to 1999 million tons in 2015, projected to reach 3539 million tons by 2050. Food loss and waste alone can cause about USD 750 billion in damage annually, with significant losses occurring at various stages from production to consumption. Addressing these issues is crucial to mitigate environmental impacts, enhance resource efficiency, and promote sustainable waste management practices.
What is the proteome allocation model?
5 answers
The proteome allocation model refers to a computational approach that analyzes how cellular resources are distributed among different proteins to sustain metabolic functions. This model considers factors such as enzyme availability, ribosome capacity, and protein turnover rates to optimize metabolic fluxes and proteome efficiency under varying environmental conditions. It also explores how the cellular constraints on proteome allocation may influence metabolic cross-feeding phenomena in microbial communities, where organisms share nutrients to enhance overall ecosystem efficiency. By integrating proteomic data with metabolic flux analysis, the proteome allocation model provides insights into how cells prioritize protein expression along metabolic pathways to maintain robustness and adaptability in response to changing growth conditions.
What are the basic technologies used in Ego Analysis?
5 answers
Basic technologies used in Ego Analysis include visualization methods like heatmaps and consensus clustering for efficient data exploration and quality assessment. Ego networks, representing a person's social contacts, are analyzed using these techniques to understand relationships within social networks. Additionally, technologies involving processors, memory modules, displays, and sensors are utilized to display spatio-temporal patterns of target objects relative to an ego-vehicle, aiding in behavior analysis. These technologies help researchers gain insights into ego networks, such as journalists' interactions on Twitter, revealing their cognitive involvement and stable network structures. By combining statistical and interactive techniques with advanced visualization methods, researchers can effectively navigate and interpret complex network data, facilitating a deeper understanding of social interactions and their implications on various outcomes like obesity.
What are the potential contraindications for a pregnant woman who is taking gabapentin for epilepsy control?
5 answers
Pregnant women taking gabapentin for epilepsy control should be cautious due to potential risks highlighted in the literature. Studies suggest that gabapentin exposure during pregnancy may lead to concerns such as developmental toxicity, unknown birth impacts, and difficult-to-control withdrawal symptoms in neonates. Additionally, gabapentin use, especially late in pregnancy, has been associated with a higher risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age infants, and neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare providers to carefully weigh the risks and benefits of gabapentin use in pregnant women with epilepsy, considering the potential adverse outcomes for both the mother and the fetus.
Why are mountain territories less developed in comparison to urban areas?
5 answers
Mountain territories are often less developed compared to urban areas due to various factors. These regions face challenges like abandonment, leading to territorial fragility. The lack of a unified model for mountain area development results in inconsistent recommendations, hindering sustainable growth. Demographic transformations in mountain settlements show a decline in population, mainly due to migration outflows from high-mountainous areas. Additionally, the risk of natural and man-made disasters poses a threat to mountain regions, requiring advanced risk management strategies. However, the economy of enrichment theory suggests that mountain areas can benefit from a territorial economy based on heritage and culture, rather than sectoral competitiveness, allowing peripheral regions to thrive through diverse activities.
How does the Teachable Machine image classification algorithm work on STM32 microcontrollers?
5 answers
The Teachable Machine image classification algorithm, a user-friendly tool for creating custom ML models, empowers individuals without specialized expertise to develop classification models. In contrast, the ML-MCU framework introduces Optimized-Stochastic Gradient Descent and Optimized One-Versus-One algorithms to enable ML classifier training directly on resource-constrained MCUs, allowing IoT edge devices to self-learn using real-world data. Additionally, the implementation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) on microcontrollers like the STM32F4 enables efficient load classification with lower power consumption and cost, showcasing high accuracy and low latency for real-world applications. Furthermore, neural networks optimized for microcontrollers, like the STM32L4x, can be deployed for tasks such as accelerometer motion recognition, offering automatic motion detection and classification capabilities for embedded devices.
What is the current situation of online ticketing in india?
5 answers
The current situation of online ticketing in India reflects a significant shift towards digital platforms for travel bookings. India's online travel booking segment revenue was 569 million USD in 2018, with an expected growth rate of 14.6% annually, reaching 9,594 million USD by 2022. The country has a large internet user base, with 205 million users and 110 million smartphone users, driving the rapid growth of online travel bookings. The Indian aviation industry has embraced online ticketing, with the sector projected to serve nearly 100 million passengers by 2014. Innovations like mobile ticketing systems and smart applications are enhancing the convenience and efficiency of ticket purchases, aiming to eliminate drawbacks and provide a seamless digital experience for travelers. These advancements are reshaping the ticketing landscape, offering more options and convenience to customers in India.
What are the current challenges in developing smart optical sensor networks for intelligent transportation systems?
4 answers
Developing smart optical sensor networks for intelligent transportation systems faces several challenges. These challenges include data quality issues, the need for robust state estimation, elevated demand for network infrastructure, and low-latency data exchange. Additionally, integrating free space optical (FSO) communications in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) systems poses challenges such as complex communication, illumination, and sensing requirements in traffic scenarios. Furthermore, the utilization of optical fiber networks for seismic sensing applications presents challenges in establishing telemetry pipelines for novel scientific advancements and broader societal benefits. Moreover, the transportation industry's growth without a proportional increase in road capacity leads to congestion, accidents, economic harm, and increased emissions, necessitating innovative solutions like computer vision-based traffic management systems. These challenges highlight the multifaceted obstacles in developing efficient smart optical sensor networks for intelligent transportation systems.
What are the specific area of study?
5 answers
The specific areas of study mentioned in the provided contexts include the Rio San Francisco Valley in southern Ecuador, the north-eastern states of India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura), South Florida, Miyun County in Beijing, and a study conducted in the periphery of Glasgow. These areas are characterized by unique geographical features, biodiversity hotspots, environmental challenges, and societal dynamics. The Rio San Francisco Valley is highlighted for its biodiversity and mesoscale atmospheric phenomena. The north-eastern states of India are known for their rugged relief, heavy rainfall, and rich tropical vegetation. South Florida faces flood risks due to its low elevation and limestone bedrock. Miyun County influences Beijing's water safety and faces water pollution challenges from stockbreeding. The study in Glasgow's periphery focuses on the role of schools in the community.