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How many neurons does the brain contain at birth? 

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The number of neurones in the brain at birth is obviously of fundamental importance in determining an individual’s potential.
Here we find that newborn neurons mature over many months in rats and may end up with distinct morphological features compared with neurons born in infancy.
The very same cells that give birth to new neurons also seem to nurture their maturation and support their function.
These neurons are immature at birth but are biochemically, physiologically, and probably functionally mature by about 9 days after birth.
This study indicates that the anatomical maturation of spines on the alpha and beta neurons is not temporally coincident from birth to 30 weeks.

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