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By choosing width of tail transistors are equal to 3µm, the write delay of the proposed cell can be equated to conventional cell.
Practical limits on the number of transistors per chip can be extended only if the manufacturing cost per function of GSI continues to decline, which will require, among other advances, enormous progress in semiconductor characterization.
These promising results indicate that the GIZO thin film transistors could be a candidate for selection transistors in 3-D cross point stacking memory.
We believe these are the fastest transistors of their kind in the world.
Considering the significant cost reduction compared to 4-level NAND flash based on the same technology, this chip is a strong candidate for many mainstream applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
12 Citations
These are to the authors' knowledge the smallest polymer transistors reported.
These three-chip systems demonstrate the modularity and flexibility of the multi-chip neuromorphic approach.
These results are especially important for new generations of power switching transistors.
These are the highest values ever reported for organic transistors.

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What names are applied to the two types of BJT transistors?
5 answers
The two types of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are named based on the arrangement of semiconductor materials within them. The first type is called NPN, which stands for Negative-Positive-Negative, while the second type is known as PNP, which stands for Positive-Negative-Positive. In an NPN transistor, the switch turns on when a current flows through the base, whereas in a PNP transistor, the switch turns on when there is no current through the base. These configurations are essential in determining the behavior and functionality of the transistors, influencing their applications in amplification, switching, and digital circuit elements.
What is application or daily use of adder and subtractor?
5 answers
Adder and subtractor circuits play a crucial role in digital circuits for performing arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction. These circuits are essential components in processors, where the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) utilizes them for executing mathematical functions. In the realm of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), novel adder/subtractor designs have been proposed, leveraging the benefits of quantum technology for efficient and cost-effective computing systems. Additionally, the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) is employed for verifying the functionality of adder-subtractor circuits, offering automation and ease of building verification environments. Overall, adder and subtractor circuits find widespread application in daily computing tasks, ensuring accurate and reliable arithmetic calculations in various digital systems.
What is the role of FIR filters in biomedical signal processing?
4 answers
Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters play a crucial role in biomedical signal processing by providing accurate and stable filtering capabilities. FIR filters are preferred over Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters due to their stability and linear phase characteristics, making them ideal for processing biomedical signals with high precision requirements. In wearable applications where complex computations are involved, FIR filters with higher orders are utilized to ensure high accuracy in signal processing. The design of FIR filters using techniques like Hamming window, Kaiser Window, and equiripple methods further enhances their performance in biomedical signal processing applications. Additionally, the implementation of FIR filters based on Distributed Arithmetic (DA) algorithms has shown significant improvements in efficiency, area, power, and timing advantages, making them well-suited for real signal computation in biomedical devices.
Why fir filter is used in biomedical signal processing?
5 answers
Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are commonly used in biomedical signal processing due to their effectiveness in filtering out noise while preserving the integrity of the signal. FIR filters are essential in applications like electrocardiography where high-quality signals are crucial for accurate analysis. In wearable biomedical devices, FIR filters with higher order are preferred for complex computations and high accuracy. The use of FIR filters based on Distributed Arithmetic (DA) algorithms, which reduce hardware requirements and computation time, further enhances their suitability for biomedical signal processing. These filters play a key role in removing noise from signals without distorting the important information, ensuring that subsequent diagnosis and interpretation are not compromised. Overall, FIR filters are integral in biomedical signal processing for their noise removal capabilities and signal preservation qualities.
How does temperature could result to more radiation?
5 answers
Temperature can influence radiation emission in various ways. Higher temperatures lead to increased energy emission from objects, with visible energy emitted around 650°C. For instance, in the case of parametric x-ray radiation (PXR) from a Si crystal bombarded by electrons, cooling the crystal to liquid-nitrogen temperature enhances radiation intensity compared to room temperature. Moreover, studies on human peripheral blood lymphocytes show that aberration frequency post-irradiation is significantly higher at 37°C compared to 5°C, indicating a temperature-dependent effect on radiation-induced damage. Additionally, research on radiation absorption in living tissues at different temperatures suggests that radiation effects may be more pronounced at higher temperatures, highlighting the potential risks of combining elevated temperatures with x-radiation, especially in patients with body temperatures around 40°C.
What are the challenges in single molecular electronics can large language model can solve?
5 answers
Challenges in single-molecule electronics, such as connecting molecules between wires for device functionality, persist despite advancements in theory and experiment. Machine learning models, like MoLFormer, trained on vast unlabeled molecular datasets, offer a solution by providing accurate property predictions with reduced complexity. These models, leveraging transformer-based language learning, outperform traditional supervised methods by capturing structural information from SMILES sequences of billions of molecules. MoLFormer's ability to learn spatial relationships between atoms within molecules enables it to predict various molecular properties, including quantum-chemical properties, showcasing the potential of large language models in addressing challenges in single-molecule electronics and advancing fields like drug discovery and material design.
How solution processed SnO2 concentration effect the thin films properties?
4 answers
The concentration of solution-processed SnO2 significantly impacts the properties of thin films. Studies show that varying SnO2 concentrations affect the structural, optical, and opto-electrical properties of the films. Higher concentrations lead to improved spectral response, with the best response observed at 0.2 M concentration. Additionally, the pH level during synthesis plays a crucial role, affecting transparency, resistance, and bandgap energy of the films. Furthermore, solution-processed SnO2 films demonstrate good insulator properties, with low leakage current and high resistance, making them suitable for applications like field-effect transistors. Moreover, mixing SnO2 with ZnO in titanium dioxide thin films results in enhanced transparency, altered absorption coefficients, and changes in energy gaps, refractive index, and extinction coefficients. Overall, the concentration of solution-processed SnO2 is a key factor influencing various properties of thin films.
Why are portable devices important?
5 answers
Portable devices are crucial due to their innovative features and functionalities. They enhance user experience by incorporating advanced technologies like light guiding components for improved display proportions, wireless connectivity for seamless communication in videoconferencing systems, and efficient power management through contactless charging and reflective displays. Additionally, the design of portable electronic devices is optimized for user convenience, with features like multi-folding structures for adjustable positioningand integrated storage solutions for earpiece units, reducing the risk of loss or misplacement. These aspects collectively highlight the significance of portable devices in modern lifestyles, offering mobility, versatility, and enhanced functionality to users.
How to connect different type of PV module in one string?
4 answers
To connect different types of PV modules in one string, various methods and apparatus can be utilized. One approach involves categorizing the modules into partitions, generating candidate connection solutions for each partition, and selecting the optimal solution based on estimated cable use. Another method includes arranging photovoltaic module regions sequentially, with each region comprising battery strings connected to bypass diodes in series, enhancing power generation efficiency. Additionally, employing a photovoltaic converter module string with boost-buck circuits and controllers can effectively manage voltage distribution and prevent damage to bypass diodes. Furthermore, utilizing buffer pads between cells in a photovoltaic cell string can prevent subfissures and simplify the structure. By following specific arrangement modes like consistent chamfer angles during series connection and integration, a monocrystal half-piece photovoltaic module string can be efficiently assembled.
What is advantage of immunosensor?
5 answers
Immunosensors offer several advantages over conventional methods for pathogen and toxin detection. They do not require highly trained personnel for operation, are quick, highly selective, and sensitive, and have the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic processes. In the case of Rituximab (RTX) monitoring, immunosensors provide a feasible alternative to chromatographic methods and immunoassays, offering affordability, label-free detection, and high sensitivity for on-site monitoring. Moreover, in the context of SARS-CoV-2 detection, immunosensors demonstrate high performance in terms of rapid and precise virus detection, without the need for polymerase chain reaction tests or labeling, showcasing their potential for efficient and accurate diagnostics. Overall, immunosensors present a promising solution for various detection applications due to their speed, sensitivity, selectivity, and ease of use.
What is the quantum confinement effect?
10 answers
The quantum confinement effect is a phenomenon observed in semiconductor materials, where the electronic and optical properties of the material are significantly altered due to the spatial confinement of charge carriers (electrons and holes) within dimensions that are comparable to the de Broglie wavelength of the carriers. This confinement leads to the discretization of energy levels, a departure from the continuous energy bands found in bulk materials. In practical terms, quantum confinement can manifest in various forms depending on the dimensionality of the confinement: in one dimension as quantum wells, in two dimensions as quantum wires, and in three dimensions as quantum dots (QDs). Each form of confinement restricts the motion of charge carriers in one or more dimensions, leading to distinct changes in the material's physical properties. For instance, quantum dots, which exhibit three-dimensional confinement, show size-dependent optical and electronic properties because the energy levels of the dots can be tuned by changing their size. This tunability is crucial for applications in near-field thermal radiation, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and thin-film transistors. Quantum confinement effects are not only limited to altering electronic and optical properties but also influence the thermodynamic behavior of materials. For example, specific heat can exhibit unique features under spatial confinement, indicating phase transitions at certain temperatures. Moreover, the effect plays a significant role in enhancing the performance of semiconductors by tuning defect levels through strategies like hydrogen doping in nanostructures, thereby optimizing their electronic applications. Furthermore, quantum confinement can lead to the observation of quantum confinement effects in disordered materials, such as amorphous thin-film transistors, where it affects the field-effect mobility and device characteristics. It also impacts the linewidth broadening in metal halide perovskites, suggesting that quantum confinement is not a limiting factor in achieving ultrahigh color purity in next-generation LEDs. Additionally, the effect is evident in the blue shift of energy gaps in thin films, confirming its presence through spectroscopy experiments. In summary, the quantum confinement effect is a fundamental phenomenon that significantly influences the physical properties of nanostructured materials, with wide-ranging implications for electronic, optical, and thermodynamic applications.