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Journal ArticleDOI
26 Aug 2011-Science
26 Citations
The results are prompting tissue engineers to rethink the role of inflammation and stem cells.
Stem and progenitor cell implementation in bone tissue engineering strategies have the ability to make a major impact on regenerative medicine and reduce patient morbidity.
The research at the interface of stem cell biology and biomaterials has made and will continue to make exciting advances in tissue engineering.
This represents the first step in defining the full extent of the challenges facing bioprocess engineers in the exploitation of large-scale human pluripotent stem cell manufacture.
By appropriately applying micro-scale engineering principles to stem cell research, we believe that significant breakthroughs can be made in stem cell research.
I have suggested that the new areas of systems and synthetic biology may provide a truly deep level of understanding for many aspects of how stem cells make fate choices.
Stem cell research is very promising.
These features make them a promising source of stem cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering.
This paper finds stem cell tourism to be a subset of what may be a much larger industry for stem cell interventions.
Stem Cell Bank and will be a useful resource for the international stem cell community.

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What are the specific mechanisms through which exosomes facilitate cellular communication and promote tissue regeneration?
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Exosomes play a crucial role in cellular communication and tissue regeneration through various mechanisms. Spatial transcriptomics technologies have highlighted the importance of spatial gene expression patterns, while chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) has been shown to sustain hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function, impacting tissue regeneration. Additionally, the signaling of cells by synthetic molecule scaffolds has been effective in tissue regeneration. Moreover, rhythmic travelling waves of Erk activity have been identified as key regulators of tissue growth during regeneration processes. Furthermore, sensory neurons and the neuropeptide TAFA4 have been found to modulate macrophage responses, promoting tissue repair and preventing fibrosis after tissue damage. These findings collectively demonstrate the diverse mechanisms through which exosomes and related pathways facilitate cellular communication and support tissue regeneration.
How to prepare senescence model cells?
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To prepare senescence model cells, various methods can be employed based on different cell types. One approach involves inducing senescence in cells by reducing the content or activity of multipotential stem cell ATF6, leading to ATF6 deficiency mesenchymal stem cells, which serve as an aging cell model. Another method includes using oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide to induce premature senescence in non-transformed hepatocyte cell lines, mimicking molecular and metabolic signatures of aged liver cells. Additionally, a protocol has been developed to induce replicative senescence in hepatocytes by culturing cells for an extended period, followed by using conditioned medium from these senescent cells to induce senescence in other cells rapidly. These diverse approaches provide valuable models for studying aging processes and age-related diseases.
How to prepare senescence model from human primary cells?
5 answers
To prepare a senescence model from human primary cells, various approaches can be considered based on the data from the provided contexts. One method involves utilizing a dynamical systems model that tracks the transition of cell subtypes (proliferative, senescent, growth-arrested, and apoptotic) to predominantly senescent populations. Another approach is to induce senescence in primary human fibroblasts using a "senescence cocktail" of small molecules, which can effectively mimic features of aged fibroblasts without causing DNA damage. Additionally, analyzing the proteomic signature of senescent cells can provide valuable insights into the molecular changes associated with senescence, aiding in the characterization and understanding of senescent cells. By integrating these methods, researchers can develop comprehensive senescence models from human primary cells, enabling the study of aging processes and the development of anti-degenerative therapies.
What is regeneration in developmental biology?
5 answers
Regeneration in developmental biology refers to the process where organisms replace lost or damaged tissue by reactivating specific gene regulatory networks and cellular processes. Studies have shown that regeneration shares similarities with embryonic development, utilizing lineage-specific factors and gene networks for tissue repair. The mechanisms involved in regeneration are complex and involve communication between cells to restore tissue function and structure. Regenerative medicine aims to restore lost or damaged tissues using a combination of cells, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules, drawing parallels to developmental biology in understanding cell behavior in response to microenvironmental cues. Understanding the gene regulatory networks and cellular interactions during regeneration is crucial for developing targeted therapies for injuries and degenerative diseases.
Can regeneration happen in cells which are developing?
5 answers
Regeneration can occur in cells that are developing. Studies suggest that biological processes utilized during embryogenesis are redeployed during regeneration, indicating a relationship between the two processes. Development employs asymmetric cell division, signaling, and gene regulation to transform a zygote into a multicellular organism, with a majority of organisms capable of regeneration using pluripotent cells. Stem cells can be induced into desired cell types, avoiding issues associated with naive stem cell transplantation, and mature cells can be transdifferentiated into differentiating cell types, showcasing the flexibility and potential of developmental biology in regeneration strategies. Therefore, regeneration can indeed happen in cells undergoing development, highlighting the interconnectedness of these processes in multicellular organisms.
How does exposure to STEM education and activities affect the perception of non-STEM students towards STEM students?
5 answers
Exposure to STEM education and activities has a significant impact on non-STEM students' perceptions towards STEM. Studies have shown that engaging in STEM-based course designs and activities can lead to increased positive attitudes towards STEM and science courses among students. Additionally, providing inclusive STEM experiences to all students, including those from underrepresented racialized minority groups, can stimulate interest in STEM careers and enrich STEM knowledge. Factors such as student freedom, peer collaboration, problem-solving, and communication play crucial roles in influencing students' engagement and perceptions of STEM education. Overall, incorporating STEM activities and approaches, such as flipped learning models, can enhance scientific creativity levels and STEM perceptions among students, ultimately fostering a more positive outlook on STEM disciplines.
How many cell in human body ??
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The human body is estimated to contain around 37 trillion cells, with a significant portion being human cells and a comparable number being bacterial cells, totaling approximately 70 trillion cells in the body. These cells exhibit remarkable diversity in terms of phenotypes, despite containing the same genome within an individual, showcasing variations in size, shape, motility, secretory abilities, and more. Among the human cells, there are about 200 different types, with the hematopoietic lineage constituting around 90% of the total count. Cancer, a disease characterized by abnormal cell growth, affects various cell types in the body, with around 100 different types of cancer identified, making it a significant cause of mortality. The complexity of the human body's cellular composition underscores the challenges and opportunities in mapping its molecular characteristics comprehensively.
What are the potential benefits of using Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for tissue engineering applications?
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Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) offers several advantages for tissue engineering applications. PVP has been extensively utilized in various biomedical fields due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and stability. When incorporated into nanofibers with mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) nanoparticles, PVP nanofibers exhibit enhanced mechanical properties and faster degradation rates, making them suitable for bone tissue engineering. Additionally, PVP acts as a stabilizing agent for amorphous drug molecules, enhancing their physical stability and solubility, which can be beneficial for drug delivery systems in tissue engineering. Overall, PVP's versatility and multifunctional properties make it a promising candidate for developing innovative therapies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
What are the current advancements in the use of stem cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes?
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Current advancements in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) involve utilizing stem cells to restore normal pancreatic function. Stem cell therapy shows promise in replacing the destroyed pancreatic ß cells, which are responsible for insulin production, through the transplantation of pluripotent or multipotent cells. Researchers are focusing on developing functional in vitro models of pancreatic islets to preserve the cellular microenvironment and promote proper cell interaction. Advancements in deriving ß cells from pluripotent stem cells have been made, with ongoing trials to ensure safety and efficacy of these cells through bioengineered devices. Studies suggest that stem cell therapy can improve C-peptide levels, HbA1c levels, and daily insulin requirements in patients with T1D, indicating its potential as a safe and effective intervention. Further research is ongoing to establish stem cell-based therapy as a standard in managing T1D.
What transcription factors can be used to differentiate macrophages and microglia?
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Transcription factors crucial for differentiating macrophages and microglia include PU.1, SPI1, CEBPA, and Lyl-1. PU.1 is essential for microglial development and can enhance microglial differentiation efficiency when forced during posterior mesoderm differentiation. SPI1 and CEBPA overexpression aids in generating microglia-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Lyl-1, a bHLH transcription factor related to SCL/Tal-1, marks primitive macrophage progenitors in the Yolk Sac and plays a critical role in microglia development, with disruption leading to defective differentiation and reduced mature microglia production in the brain. These transcription factors are pivotal in the differentiation processes of macrophages and microglia, offering insights for modeling neurological disorders and drug screening.
What are the simulators of brown adipose tissue?
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The simulators of brown adipose tissue include a method involving the positioning of a subject sensor and an array device with stimulators to manage the tissue's activity efficiently and safely. Additionally, brown adipocyte cell lines, generated by expressing transforming factors like SV40 T antigen, serve as valuable tools for studying molecular pathways and conducting large-scale experimental procedures related to brown adipocytes. Furthermore, a simulated adipose tissue with a juicy, smooth melting property, containing fat droplets encapsulated within a matrix, can be employed in products where a fatty tissue-like component is desired, particularly in fried products. The thermogenic mechanism in brown fat cells involves cellular events controlled by signals over the autonomic nervous system, with pathways simulated using network thermodynamics under steady-state conditions.