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The experimental results demonstrated that the straight fiber of 13 mm is the most effective fiber type in terms of the considered parameters.
Flax is a promising natural fiber.
The results show that the strength of the EFB fiber is strongly affected by the fiber diameter; however, the fiber strength is relatively low in comparison to other natural fibers.
It was found that for a clay-fiber mix, there is an optimum fiber content and it is different for different types of fiber.
Fiber and yarn data indicate it is possible to improve fiber length distribution using either selection method.
Finally, the effects are more pronounced in the semi-concentrated regime, and this is attributed to enhanced fiber-fiber interactions.
On the contrary, the fiber has been treated with 10 % NaOH solution, which is much effective to remove the impurities.

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What is the effect of hBN fillers on the tribological properties of polymer composites?
6 answers
The incorporation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) fillers into polymer composites significantly enhances their tribological properties, as evidenced by various research findings. The addition of hBN fillers to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites, for instance, has been shown to increase the mechanical and tribological performance of the PTFE matrix. This enhancement is quantified by increases in Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and shear modulus, alongside reductions in the coefficient of friction and friction stress, indicating improved wear resistance and reduced material loss during operation. Similarly, hBN/short carbon fibers/PTFE composites with added micropowder exhibit improved mechanical properties, lower friction coefficients, and enhanced wear resistance, highlighting the role of hBN in facilitating these improvements. Further studies reveal that hBN nanosheets significantly increase the interfacial cohesive strength, interfacial shear strength, and interfacial fracture toughness of PTFE nanocomposites, contributing to their superior tribological performance. The shape and size of hBN fillers also play a crucial role in the composite's performance, affecting thermal conductivity and passive cooling capabilities, which indirectly influence the tribological properties by affecting the material's temperature during frictional contact. Moreover, the addition of hBN fillers to ABS polymer composites increases shear viscosity and modifies surface microstructure, which can lead to changes in tribological behavior. The combined fillers, including hBN in a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix, show increased wear resistance and mechanical properties, further underscoring the beneficial effects of hBN on tribological performance. Research on the tribological performance of polymer composites in corrosive conditions and under high temperatures also supports the positive impact of hBN fillers. Epoxy nanocomposites with hBN nanoplatelets exhibit improved wear performance and resistance to corrosive environments, while thermosetting polyimide composites reinforced with hBN show optimal anti-wear properties at both room and high temperatures. Additionally, the role of hBN content, exfoliation extent, and substrate conditions on the tribological performance of aromatic thermoset polymer coatings indicates that hBN significantly reduces the coefficient of friction and volume loss, enhancing wear resistance. In summary, hBN fillers markedly improve the tribological properties of polymer composites by enhancing mechanical strength, reducing friction and wear, and increasing resistance to adverse conditions, making them highly suitable for applications requiring durable and reliable material performance.
Which tool gives scientists information about the wind speed and humidity of a region?
5 answers
Scientists utilize various tools to gather information about wind speed and humidity in a region. One such tool is an anemometer, which measures wind speed and direction. Additionally, the use of Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) observations from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers provides rapid humidity information, aiding in weather forecasting. Furthermore, the integration of a fiber grating system allows for the synchronous high-precision measurement of environmental parameters, including temperature, humidity, and wind speed at multiple points. These tools, along with sensors and microcontrollers, enable the monitoring and analysis of wind speed and humidity data in real-time, facilitating meteorological research and forecasting efforts.
What are the objectives of this thesis?
5 answers
The objectives of the theses presented in the provided contexts vary across different research areas. The first thesis aims to develop a research mindset, project management skills, and scientific report writing skills to enhance credibility and potentially lead to conference presentations or journal publications. The second thesis focuses on identifying novel monogenic disorders causing primary immunodeficiencies using advanced technologies like exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping. The third thesis aims to study parameters influencing the shear behavior of concrete reinforced with steel fibers and evaluate the impact of these parameters on design Codes and fiber reinforcement. The fourth thesis addresses the negative health effects of untreated pediatric obstructive sleep apnea, including cardiometabolic issues and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Lastly, the fifth thesis concentrates on developing rapid and sensitive methods for characterizing vegetable oils based on botanical origin and authenticating olive oils concerning quality, genetic variety, and geographical origin.
How can a phase shifting interferometer be used for vortex beam generation?
5 answers
A phase shifting interferometer can be utilized for vortex beam generation through various methods outlined in the provided research contexts. One approach involves using a conformal optical mapping technique to transform an input beam into a vortex beam with continuously adjustable topological charge. Another method employs a vortex beam interferometer based on Doppler frequency shift to retrieve dynamic non-uniform phase shifts, enabling the generation of vortex beams with high accuracy. Additionally, a scheme for Spiral Phase Plate (SPP) fabrication on fiber tips using Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB-SEM) systems has been proposed, allowing for the generation of vortex beams with specific topological charges. These techniques showcase the versatility of phase shifting interferometers in producing vortex beams for applications in optical communications and information processing.
What are the mayor issues in the pasta industry?
4 answers
The major issues in the pasta industry include the lack of utilization of rheological methods for quality assurance in pasta manufacturing. Additionally, concerns arise from potential fraud and hygiene issues in pasta products, with a significant number of samples found to be adulterated or contaminated. In the Italian pasta market, price-fixing strategies among major brands have been investigated, impacting sales and competitive dynamics. Another critical issue is the scarcity of traditional raw materials for cellulose pulp production, leading to research on alternative sources like agricultural residues for sustainability and economic reasons. Understanding brand awareness, association, quality perception, and loyalty in consumer decisions is also crucial for pasta product sales and marketing strategies.
What is the best materials in making win belt?
5 answers
The best materials for making a win belt include a combination of polypropylene, polyethylene, short glass fiber, short aromatic polyamide fiber, nonferrous metals like tourmaline and bentonite, graphene, and functional metal colloidal particles such as Ag, Au, Zn, Pt, and Y. These materials offer excellent tensile strength, durability, and functionality. By utilizing a mix of these components, the win belt can achieve optimal performance characteristics, reduced material waste, and environmental friendliness. The incorporation of these diverse materials allows for the creation of a win belt that is lightweight, strong, resistant to wear, and capable of self-heating, providing enhanced comfort and functionality for the user.
What are the latest innovations in regenerated protein fibres?
5 answers
The latest innovations in regenerated protein fibers include the utilization of waste wools like pig bristles, wool, and silks dissolved in an ionic solution to create stable fibers with health benefits and strong adsorbility. Another advancement involves a regenerated protein blend fiber combining corn protein fiber, casein fibers, peanut protein fiber, regenerated fibroin protein fibers, and pearl protein fibers to produce moisture-absorbing, breathable, soft, comfortable, and skin-friendly fibers. Additionally, high-performance continuous regenerated keratin fibers with wool-like structures have been developed using cortical cells and linear keratin from wool waste, resulting in fibers with properties similar to wool while minimizing the use of synthetic chemicals. These innovations showcase the ongoing progress in sustainable and eco-friendly regenerated protein fibers.
Arecanut sheaths sheet uses
5 answers
Arecanut sheaths have diverse applications. They are utilized for making sustainable packaging materials, as raw materials for commercial plate making, and in the development of composite materials like short fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites. Additionally, Arecanut sheaths can be shredded into suitable fodder sizes for animal feed using specialized machinery. The sheaths also find application in the medical field as hemostatic conduits for maintaining vascular access during endovascular procedures. These versatile sheaths offer benefits in various industries, from eco-friendly packaging solutions to agricultural and medical uses, showcasing their adaptability and utility across different sectors.
How do the crystal structure and surface properties of the metal influence the adhesion process?
5 answers
The adhesion process between metals and other materials is significantly influenced by the crystal structure and surface properties of the metal. Research indicates that the microstructure of metals plays a crucial role in bacterial adhesion, with differences observed in adhesion areas based on the metal's microstructure and segregation of elements on the surface. Additionally, surface roughness and energy of the metal affect adhesion performance, with roughened surfaces improving adhesion and the size of surface asperities impacting adhesion strength. Furthermore, the adhesion energy at solid interfaces is affected by the presence of chemisorbed atoms, with different species altering adhesion energies, particularly non-metallic elements decreasing adhesion energy while carbon and boron increase it. These findings highlight the intricate relationship between metal crystal structure, surface properties, and adhesion processes.
What is polymer blending?
5 answers
Polymer blending involves combining two or more polymers to enhance properties, broaden applications, or reduce costs. Blending polymers can lead to synergistic effects, optimizing properties more economically than using a single polymer. In packaging applications, polymer blending is crucial for improving properties and processing efficiency, especially in single-screw extrusion for film converting, where the morphology of the blend influences film properties. In drug delivery systems, polymer blends offer a way to modify polymer characteristics, affecting drug release rates and targeting specific organs or sites. Reactive polymer blending is a process driven by flow and mixing, influencing copolymer formation and morphology development, with mixing intensity affecting copolymer efficiency and composition.
What are the different methods of flour milling?
4 answers
Different methods of flour milling include roller milling, pin milling, hammer milling, and traditional stone milling. Roller milling, pin milling, and hammer milling were studied for their effects on proso-millet and teff flour properties, revealing differences in particle size distribution, starch damage, and flowability. Additionally, a wheat flour milling method was developed involving wetting, peeling, grinding, and bolting to produce flour with varying protein contents. A novel flour production method addressed issues of manual labor and grinding efficiency, utilizing specific equipment for screening, cleaning, grinding, and packaging operations. The overall processes for wheat flour milling, including debranning, roller milling, sifting, and purifying, were outlined for various grains like durum wheat, rye, maize, and millets.