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It was found that for a clay-fiber mix, there is an optimum fiber content and it is different for different types of fiber.
The most obvious change is that the introduction of KGM in the blend fiber can dramatically improve water-retention properties of blend fiber compared with pure alginate fiber.
In addition, manufactures of instant noodles should consider nutritional aspects in product development processes.
Finally, the effects are more pronounced in the semi-concentrated regime, and this is attributed to enhanced fiber-fiber interactions.
In yogurt with visible fiber, it is mainly the size of incorporated fiber that should be considered in product optimization.
Thus, NM fiber growth is bidirectional.

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What is aquafaba?
5 answers
Aquafaba is the viscous liquid derived from cooking legumes, particularly chickpeas, and can also be obtained from canned beans. It exhibits versatile rheological functionalities, making it a valuable additive in vegan diets and food technology. This novel material is rich in proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and bioactive compounds like tannins and saponins. Aquafaba's properties include foaming, emulsifying, gelling, and thickening, allowing its application in various food products such as meringues, cakes, cookies, and vegan dairy substitutes. Efforts are being made to standardize its production process and explore its potential with other legumes to meet consumer demands for clean-label and sustainable food products. Despite its promising functionalities, further research is needed to enhance aquafaba's characteristics and expand its utilization in the food industry.
Structural Engineering couplers cycle loading?
5 answers
Coupling beams and sleeve couplers in structural engineering are subjected to various loading conditions, including cyclic loading. Research has shown that the behavior of coupling beams under cyclic loading can be effectively predicted using simplified nonlinear analysis with monotonic loading. Additionally, sleeve couplers used in scaffolds can experience reduced moment capacities and stiffness under side loads, such as wind or eccentric loading, highlighting the importance of considering these factors in design to ensure structural safety. Furthermore, the configuration of openings in coupling beams can impact their stiffness, with studies indicating that beams with multiple openings can experience a decrease in stiffness ranging from 8.5% to 13.5% compared to beams without openings. These findings emphasize the significance of understanding and accounting for various loading conditions in the design and analysis of structural couplers.
What is the shape factor in morphineo fiber analyzer?
4 answers
The shape factor in a fiber analyzer refers to a measure used to characterize the cross-sectional shape of fibers. In the context of a peptide-based microextraction fiber for preconcentrating morphine in urine samples, computational simulations and experimental research were conducted to design and produce a new peptide-based fiber. This fiber was functionalized with carbon nanotubes and utilized for preconcentrating morphine in urine samples, with successful adsorption and detection of morphine concentrations as low as 0.25 ppb. The shape factor in this context relates to the unique structure and functionality of the peptide-based fiber in selectively binding morphine molecules for detection purposes.
Amine modified GMA grafted polyacronitrile fibres
5 answers
Amine-modified fibrous membranes can be achieved through various methods involving the modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. One approach involves grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto PAN fabric, followed by chemical modification with hydrazine hydrate and phosphorus acid to obtain ammoniated PAN-g-GMA fabric and flame retardant PAN fabric (FR-PAN). Another method includes the amination of PAN fibers with diethylenetriamine (DETA) to produce aminated polyacrylonitrile (APAN) fibers, which exhibit high efficiency for Cu(II) removal from wastewater. Additionally, the synthesis of amino-modified polyacrylonitrile (AMPAN) fibers by reacting PAN fibers with triethylenetetramine (TETA) results in surface grafting of TETA onto the fibers. These various methods showcase the versatility and potential applications of amine-modified GMA grafted polyacrylonitrile fibers in fields such as adsorption materials and flame retardant fabrics.
How to explain the reduction in surface area of carbon fibers after koh activation?
5 answers
The reduction in surface area of carbon fibers after KOH activation can be attributed to several factors observed in the research papers. Increasing activation temperature and KOH ratio can lead to pore widening effects, ultimately decreasing the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area and micropore volume. High concentrations of KOH during activation can result in the destruction of micropore walls instead of forming mesopores, causing a significant decrease in specific surface area. Additionally, the chemical activation process with KOH can lead to the oxidation of the carbon material and intercalation of metallic potassium between graphene layers, causing structural expansion and potentially reducing the surface area. These combined effects contribute to the reduction in surface area of carbon fibers following KOH activation.
What are current trends and advancements in the field of construction using natural fiber reinforced composites?
4 answers
Current trends and advancements in construction using natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs) include a shift towards eco-friendly materials due to environmental concerns. NFRCs offer lightweight, cost-effective, and biodegradable alternatives to traditional materials, with improved mechanical properties. NFRCs are increasingly recognized in civil engineering for structural applications like building frames and bridge decks. Challenges such as high manufacturing costs and limited standards hinder widespread adoption, but ongoing research focuses on enhancing properties through fiber treatments and manufacturing techniques. The field is progressing with a focus on improving fiber-to-matrix adhesion, thermal stability, and moisture absorption to meet the demands of various engineering sectors. Future prospects include the development of novel bio-composites for diverse structural applications.
What are the most common seam-sealing techniques used in the Philippines?
4 answers
In the Philippines, common seam-sealing techniques include using adhesive laminated fabric strips on stretchable woven fabrics for garments like denim. Additionally, for cylindrical metal containers, an automatic seam sealing machine with a circular part is employed instead of sealing rollers. Moreover, advanced parallel seam-sealing systems with welding robots are utilized for sealing electronic and component packages, offering precise and fast operations with multiple degrees of motion. Furthermore, in flooring applications, specially formulated hot-melt sealants are used to bond seams and edges of resilient floors, ensuring a seamless finish with barely noticeable bead material above the surface. Lastly, flexible pipe coverings in the Philippines are sealed using pressure-sensitive adhesive transfer tapes, providing a secure seal along seams and butt joints of pipes.
How does the use of recycled paper affect the paper's surface texture?
5 answers
The use of recycled paper can impact the paper's surface texture in various ways. Recycled paper may exhibit a decline in strength due to fiber deterioration, affecting surface properties, but still maintains good printability, especially in terms of print density and fine details. Additionally, the presence of secondary fibers in recycled paper can lead to weaker sheets compared to virgin fiber paper, potentially affecting brightness, color, and opacity. On the other hand, coated recycled papers can show enhancements in mechanical strength, print gloss, and print density, especially when utilizing specific coatings and pigments, resulting in a uniform printed surface with high-quality ink distribution. Overall, the transition to recycled paper can impact surface texture, but with proper considerations, it can still result in quality paper products.
What is the difference between comprehensive strength and normal strength concrete?
5 answers
Compressive strength is a key parameter distinguishing between comprehensive and normal strength concrete. Normal concrete typically ranges from 20 to 40 MPa in compressive strength, while high-strength concrete (HSC) can reach strengths of 30, 60, or even 90 MPa. The incorporation of high-performance nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes can enhance the compressive strength of normal concrete, necessitating reliable mathematical models to estimate the amount of nanomaterials required for desired strength levels. Comprehensive strength assessment involves analyzing various factors like concrete strength, thermal conductivity, humidity, frost resistance, and water resistance. Therefore, the distinction lies in the range of compressive strengths and the additional considerations involved in assessing comprehensive strength compared to normal strength concrete.
What are the factors that influence the tensile spring force during peeling?
5 answers
The factors influencing tensile spring force during peeling include various parameters such as viscosity, web tension, separation velocity, fluid volume, and fluid geometry. Additionally, the boundary conditions at the interface between the tape and the substrate play a crucial role, with stuck adhesion and relative sliding affecting the peeling behavior significantly. Peeling velocity is another critical factor, where at small peeling angles, a tougher peeling behavior is predicted, impacting the attachment force and locomotion in biological systems like geckos and spiders. Furthermore, stress and orientation during the extrusion coating process can influence peel strength by affecting tensile properties and residual stress at the foil-polymer interface, with processing parameters like air gap, die gap, melt temperature, and line speed playing a role.
How is 3D printing cost-effective?
4 answers
3D printing is cost-effective due to various factors outlined in the provided contexts. The cost-effectiveness of 3D printing is achieved through the utilization of entry-level and commercially available print technologies, which enable the creation of cost-effective models for training purposes. Additionally, the combination of fused deposition modeling (FDM) with debinding-sintering processes in metal 3D printing helps reduce costs associated with traditional metal additive manufacturing techniques. Furthermore, the development of a protocol for creating cost-effective 3D models of intra-abdominal cavities for liver transplantation demonstrates the time and cost savings achieved through 3D printing technology. By optimizing printing parameters and utilizing affordable materials and technologies, 3D printing offers a cost-effective solution for various applications in industries such as healthcare, training, and product development.