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This is the first report using a nonwounded fruit screen to analyze cucumber resistance to P. capsici.
The presented method allows facile determination of total, reduced, free and protein bound aminothiols in cucumber leaves.
The proper development of sea cucumber bioactive compounds will be helpful in cosmeceutical product development and industry.
The observed activities support the further uses of cucumber in health, nutrition and cosmetology.
These results indicate that glutathione is a substrate for phytochelatin synthesis.
These results support the assumption that the enzyme PPO is present in the cucumber skin, but its activity is inhibited.
In addition, glutathione may be consumed in conjugation reactions.
Overall, Se at 2 mg/L application rate was effective in some physiological characteristics of cucumber.

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How does changing nitrogen content affect chlorophyll?
4 answers
Changing nitrogen content has a significant impact on chlorophyll levels in plants. Higher nitrogen levels lead to increased chlorophyll content, as observed in maize leaves. This relationship is attributed to the thicker, flatter, and more turgid leaves with higher N content, enhancing light absorption and near-infrared reflection. In microalgae, such as Dunaliella salina and Chaetoceros gracilis, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency increase with rising nitrogen concentrations until reaching optimal levels, after which they decline. Additionally, in water-cultivated wheat seedlings, lower nitrogen levels result in decreased pigment protein complexes of PSⅡ, particularly affecting polypeptides of LHCⅡ, while higher nitrogen levels lead to increased absorption and fluorescence spectra of chloroplast thylakoid-membrane. Thus, altering nitrogen content influences chlorophyll levels through various physiological and biochemical mechanisms in different plant species.
What is good wine?
5 answers
Good wine can be defined based on various factors such as its phenolic content, grape variety, aging process, and quality assessment methods. The quality of wine is influenced by the presence of bioactive molecules like phenolic compounds, which contribute to its health benefits and antioxidant effects. Additionally, wine quality can be determined by parameters like volatile acidity, residual sugar, and free sulfur dioxide, which are crucial in assessing its taste and overall appeal. Interestingly, while price is often considered a cue to judge wine quality, blind tastings have shown that some consumers do not necessarily associate higher prices with better taste, indicating that enjoyment of wine may not always increase with price for certain segments of consumers. Ultimately, good wine is a combination of factors like composition, aging, and personal preference.
What factors contribute to the wider interquartile ranges (IQRs) observed in M1 and M2 compared to M4?
5 answers
The broader interquartile ranges (IQRs) observed in M1 and M2 compared to M4 can be attributed to various factors. In the case of M1, the presence of different crystal structures, M1 and M2 phases, in nanostructured VO2 leads to a broadening of the temperature range of the M2 phase during phase transitions. Additionally, in leprosy, M1 macrophages are predominant in certain clinical forms, indicating variability in immune responses that may contribute to wider IQRs. Furthermore, in rat striatum, acetylcholine stimulates cAMP formation through M1 receptors, suggesting a potential regulatory role of M1 receptors in signaling pathways that could influence the observed IQRs. These findings collectively suggest that structural variations, immune responses, and signaling mechanisms associated with M1 and M2 phenotypes contribute to the wider IQRs compared to M4.
Celery extract dosage recommendation?
5 answers
Based on the research data, the optimal dosage recommendation for celery extract varies depending on the intended health benefit. For gastric protection and acid suppression, a formulation with Avicel 102 filler in capsule form showed promising results. In terms of preventing proteinuria in a unilateral ureter obstruction rat model, a dose of 250 mg/kgBW of celery ethanol extract was found to be the most effective. Additionally, for anti-inflammatory effects, a dose of 100 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic wild celery seed extract demonstrated similar efficacy to aspirin. Furthermore, to prevent anemia in chronic kidney disease, a dose of 250 mg/kg BW/day of celery ethanol extract was effective in a rat model. Lastly, for combating oxidative stress in CKD, the administration of celery ethanol extract at 250 mg/kg BW was found to be the most effective.
Is Holarrhena pubescens (Buch. - Ham.) Wall. ex G. Don toxic?
5 answers
Holarrhena pubescens (Buch. - Ham.) Wall. ex G. Don has been extensively studied for its medicinal properties across various contexts. While it is known for its anthelmintic efficacy against parasites like Raillietina spp., its extracts have shown antioxidant capacity and potential for sepsis treatment by reducing oxidative stress in dendritic cells. Additionally, compounds from H. pubescens have demonstrated antibacterial activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Moreover, the alkaloids present in the bark of H. pubescens exhibit significant antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani parasites, with minimal cytotoxicity to host cells. Therefore, based on the available data, Holarrhena pubescens is not toxic; instead, it shows promise in various medicinal applications.
Study of Rice wine?
5 answers
Rice wine, a traditional Chinese fermented beverage, undergoes complex changes during production. Research on different aspects of rice wine includes the impact of ethanol content on volatile components, the influence of starter cultures on physico-chemical properties and sensory aspects, the variation in rice wine metabolites brewed by different molds, and the formation of higher alcohols during fermentation in relation to rice cultivars. Studies also highlight the importance of selecting suitable rice varieties for quality rice wine production. Overall, research covers a wide range of factors affecting rice wine, from ethanol content to microbial composition, metabolites, and sensory evaluation, providing insights for enhancing the quality and understanding the fermentation process of this traditional beverage.
What is qrt-pcr the best option to study gene expression in planst?
5 answers
Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a highly valuable method for studying gene expression in plants. It is crucial to identify stable reference genes for accurate quantification. This technique has been successfully utilized in various plant studies, such as in cucumber to determine optimal reference genes under stress conditions like nematode infection and Pseudomonas treatment. Similarly, in Saussurea laniceps, qRT-PCR was employed to assess the expression stability of candidate reference genes under different stress and hormone treatments, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate reference genes for reliable results. Therefore, qRT-PCR stands out as a robust tool for gene expression analysis in plants, offering precise quantification when coupled with suitable reference genes.
How does the variety of flour affect the quality and sensory evaluation of bread?
5 answers
The variety of flour significantly impacts the quality and sensory evaluation of bread. Different flour varieties exhibit variations in composition, particle size distribution, water absorption capacity, gluten content, and rheological properties, all of which influence baking quality. For instance, pumpkin flour from different varieties affects sensory indicators like crust and crumb color, consistency, and taste in bread. Additionally, enriching bread with chufa tuber flour alters oil content, phenolic and flavonoid levels, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties, with higher chufa concentrations enhancing bread quality. Landrace wheat varieties demonstrate distinct aroma profiles and baking preferences compared to modern cultivars, influencing sensory attributes of bread. Blending wheat flour with potato flour enhances nutritional quality and shelf life of bread, showcasing the potential to improve bread quality while reducing costs.
Keratinocytes can survive in low supplement?
5 answers
Keratinocytes have shown varying levels of survival under different conditions. Studies have indicated that human keratinocytes cultured in full growth factor supplements exhibit resistance to ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis compared to those cultured without full growth factor supplements. Additionally, the stability of human epidermal cells at low temperatures differs based on their stage of differentiation, with stem cells and transitory cells being more stable than differentiated cells. Moreover, low-energy x-ray irradiation has been shown to affect the survival rate of different cell lines, with human epithelial cells exhibiting a decreased survival rate compared to murine fibroblasts under low-energy x-ray exposure. Therefore, the survival of keratinocytes in low supplement conditions may vary depending on factors such as differentiation stage and exposure to specific stressors.
Dodone viscosa and wound healing assay
5 answers
Dodonea viscosa, a plant known for its wound healing properties, has been extensively studied for its efficacy in promoting wound repair. Research has shown that extracts from Dodonea viscosa leaves, such as the ethyl acetate fraction, contain high concentrations of flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol, which accelerate wound closure, increase tensile strength, and enhance collagen formation. Additionally, topical application of Dodonea viscosa extracts has been found to promote epithelialization, reduce oxidative stress, and improve wound healing in both in vitro and in vivo models. These findings highlight the potential of Dodonea viscosa as a natural agent for wound healing, attributed to its rich phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties.
What is the absorption wavelength of beta-carotene in a chlorella microalgae extract?
5 answers
The absorption wavelength of beta-carotene in a Chlorella microalgae extract varies depending on the study. In one study, the absorption maxima of beta-carotene in Chlorella vulgaris were found to be at 450 nm. Another study identified beta-carotene in Chlorella extracts with absorption maxima at 383, 402, and 425 nm in hexane and 428 and 450 nm in carbon disulfide. Additionally, research on microalgae carotenoid content highlighted the presence of beta-carotene in various types of microalgae, emphasizing its importance as a natural source of this compound. These findings collectively showcase the variability in absorption wavelengths of beta-carotene in Chlorella microalgae extracts, underscoring the significance of this pigment in these organisms.