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We find that a fixed-fee license is optimal with strong network effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lee W. McKnight, Jahangir Boroumand 
01 Mar 2000-IEEE Computer
20 Citations
However, congestion is the inevitable consequence of flat-rate pricing because Internet users who pay a fixed access fee have no incentive to limit their network usage.
Specifically, users’ gender, age, occupation and income are found to have significant effects on the contract with voice and 3G Internet, and the monthly 3G Internet fee.
We show that CPs are interested in reaching a linking agreement when the termination fee set by the Internet Service Provider (ISP) is not particularly high.
This study modifies the characteristics of the existing cost structure of the Indonesian spectrum usage fee, designing and proposing a new 5G spectrum usage fee model to support 5G technology usage scenarios and maximize the benefits of the mid-band (3.5 GHz), mmWave, or high band radio frequencies (26 GHz and 28 GHz).
Its features provide flexibility and superior scalability in spectrum allocation following the growing demands of Internet traffic.
The authors expect that policy recommendations this study brought up will contribute to improve the policy process how to collect and use the spectrum usage fee.
License fee payment methods, rather than spectrum assignment methods, are key factors that bring forth different market outcomes in the wireless telecommunication industry.
Therefore, the existing spectrum usage fee must be revised to meet the needs of the community better and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of spectrum use.

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