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This article gives various estimates of intergenerational earnings mobility by applying different earning periods, age brackets, and earning components.
In answer to the questions raised by Ferrari Garbusi [Opt.
Results of this analysis suggest a close relationship between C. albuquerquei and C. ferrari.
The author finds strong evidence about BRIC countries involve in earning management and earning manipulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
22 Jan 1999-Science
30 Citations
In his Perspective, Schmitt discusses results presented in the same issue by Rudnick and Ferrari that offer some clues as to the solution of the puzzle.
They demonstrate the effectiveness of FERRARI in its role as a fault and error injector.<<ETX>>

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What are the valuation methods?
4 answers
Valuation methods encompass various approaches to determining the worth of a company or its assets. These methods include the discounted cash flow, market multiples, dividend discount model, economic value added, real options, and residual income model. The essence of valuation lies in assessing future cash flows, with different methods emphasizing distinct aspects and premises. Notably, the valuation approach should align with the company's current position, necessitating flexibility in methodology selection. Additionally, the use of multiple valuation methods allows for a comprehensive comparison, considering the subjectivity involved in the valuation process due to the absence of a universally accepted method. Overall, the choice of valuation method should be guided by the specific purpose of the valuation, as different methods serve different goals and aims.
How to create a review of related literature?
5 answers
To create a review of related literature, researchers must conduct a critical analysis of existing works to establish familiarity with the current research landscape. This process involves synthesizing findings, identifying gaps, and connecting them to the research project at hand. Utilizing tools like reference management systems can streamline the organization and formatting of references, saving time and effort. Additionally, structuring the review under various headings based on key study elements helps readers understand the relationship between past studies and the current research. Critiquing previous research is essential, highlighting weaknesses, discrepancies, and connections to the current study. Ultimately, a well-constructed literature review not only reveals gaps in the field but also establishes credibility and the need for further research.
How does informality impact social security in Argentina?
5 answers
Informality in Argentina influences social security by affecting job quality, poverty levels, and access to benefits. Studies show that job insecurity cuts across socio-occupational classes, impacting the probability of experiencing poverty and welfare levels. Informal sector workers, who lack social security enrollment, play a significant role in shaping political outcomes and public health policies. Research indicates that informality is prevalent in Latin America, with around 50% of salaried employees working informally, impacting the economy and tax evasion rates. Moreover, in emerging markets like Argentina, there is interest in state-run voluntary pension programs among informal sector workers, despite poor access to formal finance. Informal employment in countries like Brazil is associated with earnings penalties and higher volatility, highlighting its imperfect insurance mechanisms.
What was consumer behaviour before Covid-19, what did travel industry look like?
5 answers
Consumer behavior before Covid-19 in the travel industry was characterized by a dynamic and growing sector that significantly impacted national economies by creating jobs and stimulating GDP. However, the outbreak of Covid-19 led to a significant negative impact on the travel industry globally, with restrictions on movement affecting tourism markets. The pandemic resulted in changes in consumer lifestyle, including adaptations in travel habits, electronic shopping, payment channels, and a focus on healthy living. Additionally, the study on air travel behavior during Covid-19 highlighted the importance of understanding passengers' perceived risks and behaviors, emphasizing the need for airlines to provide better services and emotional support to passengers. The pandemic also led to a shift in consumer behavior towards embracing practices like mobile check-in, cashless transactions, and enhanced cleaning procedures in the Indian hotel industry.
How many diagnostics are normally in a car?
5 answers
A typical modern car contains a network of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) that communicate with each other through various bus systems. These ECUs are responsible for controlling different systems in the vehicle, such as the engine, transmission, and brakes. The vehicle diagnostic systems in cars are designed to interact with these ECUs to provide diagnostic information and operating details. Additionally, diagnostic test devices for vehicles are equipped with modules for analyzing and processing data, conducting data exchange, and performing diagnostic tests based on bus communication protocols. Therefore, a car can have multiple diagnostics embedded within its systems, each serving a specific function in monitoring and maintaining the vehicle's performance and functionality.
How firms reduce the impact of natural disaster?
5 answers
Firms reduce the impact of natural disasters through various strategies. Firstly, natural disasters can lead to reduced levels of corporate earnings management, as disasters attract investor attention and intensify external monitoring, resulting in decreased manipulation of earnings. Secondly, at the firm level, floods and storms can impact labor, capital, and sales growth, with small and medium-sized firms being more affected, highlighting the need for disaster risk reduction policies. Additionally, corporate social responsibility (CSR) attitudes play a crucial role, with businesses in both developed and developing countries having opportunities to mitigate disasters by spreading awareness and educating the public on disaster handling. Furthermore, the substitution effect post-disaster can lead to the redirection of exports to other ports, showcasing how firms adapt to changes in trade dynamics following natural disasters.
What factors contribute to the underrepresentation of Latino managers in the U.S. corporate leadership?
5 answers
The underrepresentation of Latino managers in U.S. corporate leadership can be attributed to various factors. Firstly, research highlights that Latinos, despite being the fastest-growing minority group, face significant barriers to accessing highly compensated professional and leadership roles due to prevalent prejudices and biases in society. Additionally, Latinas specifically encounter systemic and cultural oppression, leading to a lack of role models, mentors, and sponsors crucial for professional advancement. Furthermore, the economic value of languages other than English, such as Spanish, remains undervalued in the corporate world, perpetuating a hierarchy that disadvantages racialized minorities like Latinxs. These factors collectively contribute to the underrepresentation of Latino managers in U.S. corporate leadership roles.
How does the direction/speed of current affect habs?
5 answers
The direction and speed of current can have varying effects on different systems. For instance, in the context of protection systems for transmission networks, the accuracy and performance of directional relays are crucial. In the realm of biofilm formation, exposure to direct current has shown promising results in reducing bacterial proliferation, with different currents affecting various microorganisms differently. Furthermore, the directionality of current transients after a fault can be utilized to determine fault direction swiftly, especially in high-speed protection schemes. These findings highlight the importance of considering the specific application and system when assessing how the direction and speed of current can impact different processes, from protection systems to biofilm formation.
What is self- employment?
5 answers
Self-employment refers to a form of work where individuals generate income from their independent business activities rather than being employed by an organization. It offers autonomy in managing one's business, which can be conducted in various settings like offices, shops, or even from home. Self-employment can serve as an alternative to low-paying jobs, providing opportunities for economic growth and development. Despite facing challenges like limited social protection, self-employment can be a strategic choice for individuals, especially mothers seeking flexibility in balancing work and childcare responsibilities. Overall, self-employment plays a crucial role in the labor market, offering individuals the chance to pursue their entrepreneurial endeavors and maintain a connection to the workforce.
When does the tone of earnings press releases matter?
5 answers
The tone of earnings press releases matters when there are high levels of information asymmetry and uncertainty within firms, as these factors drive the sensitivity of investors to the information content. Managers, influenced by equity-based incentives, tend to inflate the tone of earnings press releases, particularly when their portfolio value is closely tied to the firm's stock price. Investors react less to the tone as managers' equity incentives increase. Additionally, the tone of earnings press releases influences investors' reactions to earnings, with positive framing leading investors to perceive results in terms of increases relative to reference points. Qualitative disclosure in earnings releases is also informative, especially when management is credible, less distressed, and faces higher litigation risk.
How to do a review in related literature?
5 answers
To conduct a review in related literature, researchers must first establish the purpose and significance of the literature review, which includes providing background information, identifying gaps in knowledge, and critiquing existing research. Analysts play a crucial role in synthesizing financial data and publishing reports to aid investors, emphasizing the importance of accurate forecasts. Reviewing works on the relationship between capital structure and earnings per share reveals gaps and conflicting findings, necessitating further research. Contemporary studies focus on measuring relatedness through various approaches like co-occurrence matrices and resource similarity, highlighting the importance of understanding connections between different elements. By following structured steps, organizing information, and critically analyzing existing literature, researchers can effectively review related works in a specific field.