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Screening with the stool DNA test would be cost-effective at a per-test cost of $40 to $60 for stool DNA testing every 3 years, depending on the simulation model used.
The test is also very sensitive and can detect as little as 1 ng of mycoplasmal DNA, roughly equivalent to the DNA content of 105 mycoplasmas.
The use of DNA-based information could improve breeding efficiency and accuracy for fruit color, but a predictive DNA test is required.
As the test is DNA‐based, it can be applied to all life stages of these mosquitoes for ecological investigations and vector incrimination studies.
This gene segment allowed sex determination of experimental birds (Cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus) in a fast, easy, reliable, and accurate manner.
The test is accurate and sensitive to low levels of DNA.
It is therefore important to test for N. caninum DNA as well as antibodies for the detection of exposed and/or infected animals.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
A N Wilton, D J Steward, K Zafiris 
55 Citations
Molecular techniques based on diagnostic DNA differences between dogs and dingoes would make a much more reliable and practical test.
This work is the first identification of N. perezae in the cockatiel N. hollandicus in Brazil.
Buserelin can be used to obtain a reliable index of the prevailing testosterone capacity of the cockatiel and cockatoo testis.

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Which of the following results can a DNA microarray assay detect or identify?
4 answers
A DNA microarray assay can detect a variety of pathogens and genetic variations. Specifically, the contexts provided highlight the capabilities of DNA microarray assays in detecting various targets. These include the identification of bacterial species in pneumonia cases, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Additionally, the assay can detect blood protozoa like Plasmodium, Leishmania, and Toxoplasma gondii in humans, animals, and vectors. Furthermore, DNA microarrays can identify specific mutations related to diseases, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma mutations like BRAFV600E and NRAS codon 61. Overall, DNA microarray assays have shown effectiveness in detecting a wide range of pathogens, genetic variations, and mutations, making them valuable tools in diagnostics and research.
What is known about pheochromocytoma from single cell rna-seq studies?
5 answers
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies on pheochromocytomas (PCCs) have revealed significant insights. These studies have identified distinct molecular subtypes within PCCs, such as metabolism-type and kinase-type, characterized by specific gene markers like NDUFA4L2, COX4I2, RET, and PNMT. Additionally, scRNA-seq has shown that PCCs exhibit intra-tumoral heterogeneity and diverse cellular communication patterns, with metabolism-type PCCs displaying active metabolism and inflammation reactions, while kinase-type PCCs exhibit altered epinephrine synthesis and neuron-like phenotypes. Furthermore, scRNA-seq studies have highlighted the potential for combined therapy with kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy for specific PCC subtypes, suggesting personalized treatment strategies based on the molecular characteristics identified through single-cell transcriptomics.
In which samples is the BAT-26 biomarker present?
5 answers
The BAT-26 biomarker is present in various types of samples, including breast neoplasms (ductal carcinoma) and benign breast tumors (fibroadenoma), endometrial adenocarcinoma, and colorectal carcinoma. Additionally, BAT-26 mutations have been observed in exfoliated urinary samples from schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer cases. The presence of BAT-26 in these diverse samples highlights its significance as a marker for microsatellite instability (MSI) in different types of cancers, aiding in clinical decision-making and prognostic assessments. The detection of BAT-26 in these samples underscores its role in identifying patients with potential differential treatment responses and favorable prognoses, particularly in the context of immunotherapy.
In which samples (tissue, blood, urine) is the BAT-26 biomarker present?
5 answers
The BAT-26 biomarker is present in tissue samples from various types of cancers. It has been detected in breast neoplasms and benign breast tumors, where microsatellite instability (MSI) at the BAT26 locus was observed. Additionally, BAT-26 mutations were studied in exfoliated urinary samples from patients with schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer, showing a significant association with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. However, a study on gallbladder carcinomas found no microsatellite instability at the BAT-26 marker in the tissue samples analyzed. Furthermore, the RER status of colorectal cancer tumors and cell lines was determined using BAT-26, showing distinct patterns in RER+ and RER- tumors. Therefore, BAT-26 is predominantly present in tissue samples from various cancer types for assessing microsatellite instability.
Does capsule over production affect antibiotic susceptibility?
5 answers
Capsule overproduction does not consistently affect antibiotic susceptibility. Studies on Staphylococcus aureus strains showed that increased capsule production did not impact vancomycin resistance. Conversely, in Klebsiella pneumoniae, capsule swaps influenced phage susceptibility and conjugation efficiency, indicating a role in bacterial evolution but not directly in antibiotic susceptibility. Evolution experiments with Klebsiella strains and their capsule mutants revealed that non-capsulated populations adapted by reducing capsule expression and increasing yield, while capsulated populations became hypermucoviscous, affecting virulence traits rather than antibiotic susceptibility. Additionally, analyses across bacterial genomes showed that capsules are associated with increased genetic diversity, horizontal gene transfer, and antibiotic resistance genes, suggesting a complex relationship between capsules and antibiotic susceptibility.
What are the challenges and limitations associated with DNA barcoding of wild plants with potential medicinal properties?
5 answers
DNA barcoding of wild plants with potential medicinal properties faces challenges and limitations such as the necessity for combining morphological observation with DNA barcoding for precise identification. The plant kingdom's disadvantage in DNA barcoding arises from the lack of a universal DNA barcode marker, leading to the exploration of various regions from the chloroplast and nuclear genome as potential barcode loci. Difficulties in identifying plant species using barcodes are highlighted due to the fast-evolving nature of plants, making their distinction based on short barcode regions nearly impossible. To address these challenges, a multi-locus approach is recommended for species identification and discrimination, with suggested DNA barcodes including rbcL, matK, ITS1, and ITS2. The use of DNA barcoding, along with other techniques like metabolomics and proteomics, is crucial for effectively quality controlling herbal drugs.
What are the current approaches to DNA barcoding of wild plants with potential medicinal properties?
5 answers
Current approaches to DNA barcoding of wild plants with potential medicinal properties involve utilizing multiple DNA regions for accurate identification. Studies have shown success in identifying medicinal plants through DNA barcoding, combining morphological observation with genetic analysis for precise results. The use of multi-barcode sequencing, such as rbcL and ITS2 loci, has demonstrated high detection efficiencies in detecting plant species in herbal products, aiding in pharmacovigilance. DNA barcoding addresses challenges of misidentification in the herbal market by uniquely identifying plant species, although the lack of a universal DNA barcode marker in plants necessitates the exploration of various genomic regions for barcoding. Implementing a multi-locus or tiered approach with recommended DNA barcodes like rbcL, matK, ITS1, and ITS2 enhances species identification and discrimination for medicinal plant characterization. These advancements in DNA barcoding, including meta-barcoding, offer rapid and accurate authentication of herbal drugs, ensuring quality control and consumer safety.
What is the root cause of Scot pine blister rust fungus Cronartium flaccidium in Sweden?
5 answers
The root cause of Scots pine blister rust fungus Cronartium flaccidum in Sweden is attributed to its complex biology and epidemiology, involving two different life-cycle forms and five spore stages. This rust fungus, known as Cronartium pini, can infect various Eurasian pines, including Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), with the heteroecious life cycle alternating between pines and flowering plants, while the autoecious form spreads directly from pine to pine. The fungus completes its life cycle by mating on Pinus species, producing aeciospores that infect dicotyledonous plants, followed by asexual urediniospores production, sexual teliospores formation, and basidiospores infecting pines. Additionally, under biotic stress, such as fungal infection, Scots pine shows increased somatic mutations, impacting wood quality and economy.
What is the minimum concentration of BAT-26 gene analysis by PCR?
5 answers
The minimum concentration required for BAT-26 gene analysis by PCR is not explicitly mentioned in the provided contexts. However, the studies discuss the use of BAT-26 as a marker for detecting microsatellite instability (MSI) in various cancers. BAT-26 is highlighted as a sensitive marker for identifying MSI in colorectal cancer, with its amplicon size being 183 bp. The studies emphasize the importance of BAT-26 in determining the mismatch repair (MMR) status of tumors. While the exact minimum concentration for BAT-26 gene analysis is not specified, the significance of BAT-26 in detecting MSI and guiding clinical decisions in cancer patients is underscored across the research papers.
How to write r programming for genetic diversity of drought tolerant soybean line?
5 answers
To assess the genetic diversity of drought-tolerant soybean lines using R programming, you can utilize SSR molecular markers for genetic analysis. These markers can help in identifying drought-tolerant genotypes based on their genetic diversity and association with drought-tolerant genes. Additionally, physiological traits such as canopy temperature, root length, specific leaf weight, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and epicuticular wax content can be measured to evaluate genotypic differences in drought tolerance. Understanding the genetic variation in traits related to root system architecture, water efficiency, and nitrogen-fixation efficiency is crucial for selecting the best genetic resources for breeding programs. By integrating genomic resources and high-throughput phenotyping techniques, R programming can aid in analyzing genotype-phenotype associations and formulating genomic-assisted breeding strategies for developing drought-tolerant soybean cultivars.
What tests to perform after positive candidemia culture?
5 answers
After a positive candidemia culture, several tests can be performed to aid in diagnosis and management. These include PCR, β-1,3-D-glucan (BDG) testing, serologic testing, antifungal susceptibility testing, and (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) testing. PCR and BDG testing have shown higher sensitivity for candidemia diagnosis compared to serologic testing, with BDG testing demonstrating advantages such as higher sensitivity and earlier diagnosis. Antifungal susceptibility testing methods like Etest and broth microdilution (BMD) directly from blood culture bottles can provide reliable results at least 24 hours earlier, aiding in initiating appropriate treatment promptly. Additionally, in-house qPCR assays have shown promising results in identifying Candida species with high sensitivity and concordance with blood cultures, offering a quicker turnaround time for diagnosis.