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PS3-RAM shows great potentials in the STT-RAM reliability analysis at the early design stage of memory or micro-architecture.
Open accessProceedings ArticleDOI
15 Jun 2009
512 Citations
Importantly, we show that the optimal power allocation can significantly improve server farm performance, by a factor of typically 1.4 and as much as a factor of 5 in some cases.
Our results open a design path for energy-efficient and reliable STT-RAM technologies.
In virtualization scenarios (cloud computing, server consolidation), however, static peak provisioning of RAM to applications dramatically reduces the efficiency and cost-saving benefits of virtualization.
By providing a better understanding of the limits of current RAM designs, this report supports the decision for a particular RAM in an individual application.
Simple cases are presented to show that the approach is reasonable and comprehensive to provide a foundation for the optimization of system RAM with BIT.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Seokin Hong, Jongmin Lee, Soontae Kim 
04 Dec 2014
33 Citations
Evaluation results show that Ternary cache achieves the data density benefit of MLC STT-RAM and the reliability benefit of SLC STT-RAM.

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How has the use of FIFOs (named pipes) impacted modern operating systems?
5 answers
The use of FIFOs, also known as named pipes, has significantly impacted modern operating systems by facilitating efficient data transfer and communication between different devices and processes. FIFOs play a crucial role in real-time digital system design, especially for data streaming applications like multimedia devices, and are integral to Unix and Linux interprocess communication architectures. They provide a powerful model for transferring data between devices, utilizing memory controllers, CPUs, and data controllers for seamless data delivery. Additionally, FIFOs with integrated error management ensure reliable data transfer by reacting to errors and maintaining known operational states, preventing data gaps or overlaps during communication. The efficient integration of FIFOs in modern operating systems enhances performance, resource utilization, and overall system design.
Does Students always use chatbot?
5 answers
Students do not always use chatbots, but they show varying levels of engagement with these AI systems. Research indicates that students interact with chatbots for diverse purposes in education, such as resolving academic difficulties, preparing for placements, and accessing college information conveniently. Studies have shown that students can benefit from chatbots in debate preparation by generating ideas and engaging in argumentative dialogues, although the uptake of chatbot-suggested ideas may vary. Additionally, the acceptance of chatbots like ChatGPT among university students depends on factors like experience, performance expectancy, and habit, influencing their behavioral intention and actual usage of the technology. Therefore, while chatbots offer significant advantages in education, their usage among students is influenced by various factors and purposes.
What strategies can be implemented to support and retain teachers of color in the profession?
8 answers
To support and retain teachers of color in the profession, a multifaceted approach is necessary, focusing on mentoring, culturally responsive pedagogy, inclusive education, systemic change, and addressing sociocultural identity. Firstly, mentoring emerges as a critical strategy, with faculty of color in communication sciences and disorders highlighting the importance of mentoring in shaping career success and trajectory. Creating an environment to talk about mentoring, formally developing mentoring programs, and providing support and structure for mentoring relationships are recommended actions. Secondly, the implementation of Culturally Responsive Pedagogy (CRP) is essential. Preservice teachers of color supported the academic development of diverse learners in urban classrooms through CRP, bridging theory and practice and addressing the needs of diverse learners. Thirdly, the continuing education of teachers to work in inclusive education is vital. Investments in theoretical studies, pedagogical practices, and discussions with peers are necessary to build competencies for dealing with diversity and enabling access to knowledge for all students. Additionally, addressing systemic racism and recognizing the unique perspectives and voices of prospective teachers of color are crucial. Strategies within teacher education programs to cultivate successful solutions for prospective teachers of color must be developed. Reflecting on the progress made in the recruitment and retention of teachers of color, it's clear that ongoing efforts are needed to address the minority teacher shortage and the juxtaposition of a predominantly white teaching force against growing numbers of students of color. Good practices in inclusive education, focusing on coordination between family and school, are also key to offering quality education to all students, taking into account the diversity of their personal and contextual characteristics. Furthermore, forming Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) as an alternative for continuous training in inclusive education can support special education personnel in assimilating inclusive practices. Innovative models, such as the Inclusive Innovation model, can aid in creating and launching locally contextualized programs designed by teachers of color to support their recruitment and retention. Lastly, acknowledging the significance of sociocultural identity, specifically race and ethnicity, in research about special education teacher burnout is crucial. Addressing the racialization of special education teachers’ working conditions is essential for retaining teachers of color. Implementing these strategies collectively can create a supportive environment that not only attracts but also retains teachers of color in the profession.
What are the most effective models for knowledge sharing and collaboration in a hyper-connected world?
5 answers
In a hyper-connected world, effective models for knowledge sharing and collaboration play a crucial role. One such model involves utilizing knowledge distillation and teacher-student relationships to transfer knowledge between IoT environments efficiently. Additionally, a state matrix-based model can help in sharing information embedded in sensor signals, enabling efficient sharing of embedded information across interconnected systems. Scientific collaboration in complex systems can benefit from a non-uniform dynamic collaborative evolution model, where scholars are viewed as nodes and cooperation relationships as hyperedges, facilitating the construction of hypernetworks. Moreover, social collaboration can be enhanced through factors like we-intention, moral trust, and self-motivation, which positively impact participation in social collaboration and knowledge sharing in digital platforms. These models collectively contribute to fostering effective knowledge sharing and collaboration in a hyper-connected environment.
How to recover 2d footwear impressions?
5 answers
To recover 2D footwear impressions, various methods can be employed. These include techniques such as photography, lifting, casting, and chemical enhancement. Additionally, a method utilizing a Hierarchical Grid Model has been proposed to extract features from 2D grayscale footwear impression images, allowing for quality assessment and further analysis. Another approach involves pre-processing filters, key feature extraction, and matching using texture-based and local feature-based functions, which have shown varying accuracy based on image quality and pre-processing techniques. For comparing 2D shoe outsole impressions, a method using robust features like SURF, alignment with maximum clique, and a random forest algorithm has been suggested, showing promising results even with degraded crime scene impressions. These methods collectively offer a comprehensive approach to recovering and analyzing 2D footwear impressions in forensic investigations.
How can prompts be used to improve the performance of customer service chatbots?
4 answers
Prompts play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of customer service chatbots. By carefully designing prompts, chatbots can generate more accurate and relevant responses. Effective prompt crafting involves techniques like clarity, explicit constraints, and leveraging different types of questions. Additionally, prompt engineering strategies such as iterative refinement, domain-specific adaptations, and handling ambiguous inputs can further optimize chatbot performance. Leveraging prompts to guide the AI model, like ChatGPT, can significantly improve the generation performance for customer service bots. Therefore, by mastering prompt engineering techniques and utilizing them in the design of prompts, customer service chatbots can deliver more accurate and satisfactory responses to user queries, ultimately enhancing their online performance.
How does digital literacy impact an individual's performance in various aspects of life?
4 answers
Digital literacy plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' performance across different domains. In the context of the digital age, possessing digital literacy is essential for effective information utilization. It enhances students' competencies in learning, collaborating, and facing challenges, leading to better academic performance and increased interest in learning. Moreover, digital skills influence individuals' behavioral intentions to continue using digital tools and ultimately impact their performance, highlighting the importance of digital literacy in the workplace. Additionally, digital literacy affects users' performance and effort expectations in e-learning, influencing their intention to continue using Web 2.0 tools and ultimately impacting their performance. Overall, digital literacy significantly influences individuals' performance in various aspects of life by enabling effective information use, enhancing learning outcomes, and shaping technology adoption behaviors.
What makes indonesian architect different with other architect in other country in responding nature?
5 answers
Indonesian architects differentiate themselves by incorporating local wisdom and traditional architecture principles that prioritize harmony with nature and sustainability. Traditional Indonesian architecture, designed for diverse environmental conditions, reflects a deep respect for nature and site-specific adaptations. This approach contrasts with modern trends in Indonesian cities, where architecture has become more closed off and disconnected from nature due to factors like air conditioning and technological advancements. Architects like Eko Prawoto advocate for eco-friendly designs that address global ecological issues through a return to nature and affordable green architecture solutions. By embracing green thinking, utilizing local materials, and respecting the environment, Indonesian architects stand out in their commitment to sustainable and environmentally friendly architectural practices.
What is learning for human?
4 answers
Learning for humans is a multifaceted process that involves acquiring knowledge, skills, and behaviors over time. It consists of two interconnected stages: the basic process of learning, which forms the foundation for the developing process of learning. Humans exhibit a unique capacity for learning compared to other living beings, often involving choices between various reactions, as seen in scenarios like gambling studies. Initiatives like Free Learning for Humanity aim to provide free online learning opportunities and credentials to individuals without access to traditional higher education, emphasizing self-directed learning and real-world experience. Research suggests that learning involves the brain exploring different neural circuits before selecting the most promising one for refinement, highlighting the importance of formal theories and neurocomputational modeling in understanding learning processes. Learning encompasses the acquisition of new abilities, including motor functions and language skills, which can be influenced by psychoactive drugs in health and disease.
What does the printer operation have to do in students' computer skills?
4 answers
The printer operation in students' computer skills involves various tasks such as printing user-specified tasks, controlling print apparatus for printing, carrying out cleaning operations like duplex printing, creating new image files for watermarks, and managing print data overflow situations effectively. Students need to understand how to interact with printers, handle printing tasks efficiently, and troubleshoot common printing issues. By learning about print control programs, memory management during printing, and the association between object edges and shadows in printed images, students can enhance their computer skills related to printing tasks. This knowledge can improve their overall proficiency in utilizing printers for academic and professional purposes.
What are positive impacts of action research?
5 answers
Action research has various positive impacts across different fields. It has been found to positively influence the teaching-learning process, teacher professional development, and curriculum creation. Additionally, action research can effectively improve project knowledge management processes within organizations, leading to enhanced knowledge retention among project team members. Moreover, utilizing action research can foster collaborative creativity by connecting learning with real-world problems more efficiently, increasing student engagement, curiosity, and acquisition of new skills and knowledge. Furthermore, action-based research is highlighted as a valuable approach to inform and influence practice, guiding school improvement and enhancing practices in both educational settings and various age groups. Overall, action research proves to be a beneficial tool for promoting innovation, professional development, and problem-solving in diverse contexts.