How often does gene expression occur?
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| Substantial portion of transgene expression lasted over a month following gene delivery by both scAAV 2 and scAAV5, indicating that long-term gene expression can occur. | |
| There is increasing evidence that sequences other than upstream noncoding can contribute to modulating gene expression, but how frequently they do so remains unclear. | |
| We show here that gene expression levels in multicellular organisms often deviate from simple (log) normal distributions and instead exhibit shouldered or bimodal distributions. | |
29 Citations | We found that many of the changes in gene expression that occur during the aging process originate during the period of juvenile growth deceleration. |
| It has been shown that specific patterns of gene expression occur during different biological states such as cell development and during normal physiological responses in tissues and cells. | |
32 Citations | With the advent of quantitative tools for measuring gene expression in single cells, researchers have made the discovery that in many contexts, messenger RNA and protein levels can vary widely from cell to cell, often because of inherently stochastic events associated with gene expression. |
| Examining the expression patterns of large gene families, we found that they are often more similar than would be expected by chance, indicating that many gene families have been co-opted for specific developmental processes. | |
| Moreover, they provide a singular example of how gene ancestry can impact expression timing. | |
Open access 01 Jan 2012 60 Citations | Gene expression data also suggest the evolution of anticipation and basal gene expression changes that occur uniquely in cyclic environments. |
744 Citations | Together, our studies show that several independent gene expression programs occur during anther development and that these programs correlate with the differentiated state of specific anther cell types. |
Related Questions
Why is there a high gene expression but no protein expression?5 answersHigh gene expression without corresponding protein expression can occur due to various factors. One reason could be compensatory evolution between mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, high gene expression may not always lead to protein abundance due to constraints on protein folding and function, especially when proteins are highly expressed. Furthermore, long-term evolutionary patterns suggest that high-expression proteins may face constraints that limit the availability of beneficial expression variants, potentially leading to rapid-expression differentiation being restricted to low-expression proteins. In some cases, gene and protein expressions may not correlate well, necessitating further investigation to quantify both levels accurately. These factors collectively highlight the complexity of the relationship between gene expression and protein expression, showcasing the need for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
What is the role of mRNA in gene expression and protein synthesis?5 answersmRNA plays a crucial role in gene expression and protein synthesis. It serves as a template for making proteins during the process of translation. mRNA carries the genetic instructions from the DNA in the cell's nucleus to the ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. The sequence of bases in the DNA contains the information for making proteins, and this information is transcribed into mRNA through the process of transcription. The mRNA then moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes read its sequence and follow the instructions to synthesize the intended protein. This process of translation involves the addition of amino acids to the growing protein chain, based on the instructions provided by the mRNA. Overall, mRNA acts as an intermediary between the DNA and the ribosomes, facilitating the translation of genetic information into functional proteins.
What is the relevance of expression of genes in the cognitive development?4 answersGene expression plays a crucial role in cognitive development. Large-scale meta-analyses have identified allelic variants of numerous genes that are involved in cognitive abilities and expressed in the brain. These genes are associated with neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and the regulation of neuronal activity. The coordinated activity among neuronal populations, driven by gene expression, supports complex psychological processes. Gene expression patterns across the cortical sheet have been found to correlate with functional activation patterns, reflecting the hierarchical organization of the neocortex. Individual differences in cognitive performance have also been linked to gene expression patterns. Understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying cognitive diseases, such as neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, requires analyzing genetic expression in relevant models. Overall, gene expression influences cognitive development and is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive abilities and diseases.
Why does the stochastic process is important to gene expression?5 answersStochastic gene expression is important because it is an inherently random process that leads to cell-to-cell variations in mRNA and protein levels. This randomness arises from different steps of gene expression, with transcription having the maximum effect. The random fluctuations in protein levels result in variability in cellular behavior, which can be beneficial or harmful depending on the context. Stochastic gene expression plays a role in various biological processes such as stress response, metabolism, development, cell cycle, circadian rhythms, and aging. Understanding the stochastic mechanisms of gene expression is crucial for revealing the underlying mechanisms and fine-tuning of gene expression. It also allows for the investigation of expression noise and gene-expression mechanisms in more complex cases. Overall, studying stochastic gene expression provides insights into the cell-to-cell variability and functional consequences of random dynamics in gene expression.
How does DNA transcription rate vary locally in tissue development?3 answersDNA transcription rate varies locally in tissue development. The cell cycle duration changes during development, with fast-developing organisms having a narrow genomic distribution of gene lengths, while slower developers have an expanded number of long genes. Chromatin compaction also plays a role in transcription levels, with active transcription start sites (TSSs) rarely found in compact chromatin. Additionally, genes within family clusters have similar transcription patterns, suggesting that function-related genes are close in space and activated or repressed together. These findings indicate that both the cell cycle dynamics and chromatin organization influence DNA transcription rate locally in tissue development.
Do promoters affect gene expression?10 answers