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How often should you replace a hardwired smoke detector?

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI Estimation of Reliability of Fire Alarm System Анастасия Ахмедова, Anastasiya Akhmedova, Татьяна Шевцова, Tatyana Shevtsova, Роман Котляров, Roman Kotlyarov, Анна Кроль, Anna Krol - Show less +7 more 13 Feb 2019	The research revealed that a manual detector, used as a standby item in the system of thermal and smoke fire detectors, makes it possible to reduce the failure rate of the system and increase the average time of failure-free operation.
Proceedings Article•DOI Is your smoke detector working properly?: robust fault tolerance approaches for smoke detectors Arjun Tambe, Akshay Uttama Nambi, Sumukh Marathe - Show less +2 more 24 Jun 2021	It offers a robust, straightforward approach to detect faults, and can measure and compensate for drift across the entire smoke detector system.
Proceedings Article•DOI Wireless security control system & sensor network for smoke & fire detection Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu, Tahia Fahrin Karim, Md. Lushanur Rahman, Faria Sultana - Show less +3 more 09 Jul 2010 15 Citations	In its completion and entirety, the smoke detector unit properly functions and in the manner it was originally planned and designed.
Journal Article•DOI A smoke detector activation algorithm for large eddy simulation fire modeling Weigang Zhang, Stephen M. Olenick, Michael S. Klassen, Douglas J. Carpenter, Richard J. Roby, Jose L. Torero - Show less +5 more 01 Feb 2008-Fire Safety Journal 10 Citations	The SDAA was found to be very accurate in determining detector activation times for both high- and low-velocity smoke flows.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Predicting Smoke Detector Activation Using The Fire Dynamics Simulator V.T. D'Souza, J Sutula, Stephen M. Olenick, W. Zhang, Richard J. Roby - Show less +4 more 01 Jan 2003-Fire Safety Science 10 Citations	It was determined that FDS can predict smoke detector activation when used in conjunction with smoke detector lag correlations that correct for the time delay associated with smoke having to penetrate the detector housing.
Journal Article•DOI A Sauter mean diameter sensor for fire smoke detection Shu Wang, Xiao Xiao, Tian Deng, Ang Chen, Ming Zhu - Show less +4 more 15 Feb 2019-Sensors and Actuators B-chemical 29 Citations	With simple mechanical structure and high accuracy, this sensor improves the performance of optical fire smoke detector with high sensitivity, low-cost and unique ability to resist the false alarms caused by non-fire aerosols.
Journal Article•DOI Minimization of the optical smoke detector false alarm probability by optimizing its frequency characteristic Z.J. Aleksic 01 Feb 2000-IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 12 Citations	The exclusive use of the time domain analysis in the design tuning to lower the probability of false alarms is caused by the output signal binary nature prevailing in the optical smoke detector designs.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI The potential benefit of a home fire safety intervention during emergency medical services calls Ronald G. Pirrallo, Jonathan M. Rubin, Gloria A. Murawsky - Show less +2 more 01 Mar 1998-Academic Emergency Medicine	Determination of the presence of an operational smoke detector in 1- and 2-family dwellings may be a useful injury prevention act during such EMS calls.
Proceedings Article•DOI Smoke detection in video images using background subtraction method for early fire alarm system S. R. Vijayalakshmi, S. Muruganand - Show less +1 more 01 Oct 2017	Experimental results show that the proposed smoke detection algorithm performs well than the conventional smoke detection algorithms in terms of accuracy of smoke detection.
Journal Article•DOI High-Sensitivity Miniature Smoke Detector Ezzat G. Bakhoum 13 Jul 2012-IEEE Sensors Journal 15 Citations	This paper introduces a novel new smoke detector characterized by its very small size and very high sensitivity.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI The who, what, where and why of waking to fire alarms: a review Dorothy Bruck 01 Oct 2001-Fire Safety Journal 89 Citations	It is, therefore, recommended that smoke detector alarms be installed in the bedrooms themselves such that the signal intensity is at the maximum level tolerable to the human ear, that is approximately 90 dBA.
Proceedings Article•DOI Wireless smoke detection system Othman Omran Khalifa, A. Albagul, Sheroz Khan, Md. Rafiqul Islam, N.M. Usman - Show less +4 more 13 May 2008	They can be installed by a homeowner just as they would a normal smoke detector.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Alarm Thresholds For Smoke Detector Modeling J. Geiman, D.T. Gottuk - Show less +1 more 01 Jan 2003-Fire Safety Science 25 Citations	The data showed that there was a large amount of variability in the measured smoke optical density values outside a detector at the time of alarm.
Journal Article•DOI Smoke sensor with overcoming of humidity cross-sensitivity A. Z. Adamyan, Zaven N. Adamian, Vladimir M. Aroutiounian - Show less +2 more 01 Aug 2003-Sensors and Actuators B-chemical 29 Citations	It is shown that such a smoke detector is able to operate reliably under low concentration of smoke and high relative humidity conditions.
Journal Article•DOI Experimental Analysis on False Alarms of Fire Detectors by Cooking Fumes Xie Qiyuan, Yuan Hong-yong, Guo Huiliang - Show less +2 more 01 Jul 2004-Journal of Fire Sciences	The results of these experiments show that the smoke detectors, especially the ionization detector, are sensitive to cooking fumes and nuisance alarms are easy to happen.
Journal Article•DOI Advanced fire detection using multi-signature alarm algorithms * Daniel T. Gottuk, Michelle J. Peatross, Richard J. Roby, Craig L. Beyler - Show less +3 more 01 Jun 2002-Fire Safety Journal 101 Citations	Alarm algorithms utilizing ionization detector smoke measurements proved to be more effective than measurements from photoelectric detectors.
Proceedings Article•DOI Is your smoke detector working properly?: robust fault tolerance approaches for smoke detectors Arjun Tambe, Akshay Uttama Nambi, Sumukh Marathe - Show less +2 more 24 Jun 2021	By conducting tests with live smoke, we show that both FallTime and DriftTestButton perform more effectively than existing fault tolerance techniques and stand to substantially reduce the risk that a smoke detector fails to alarm in the presence of smoke.

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