How to check X chromosome in sperm at home?
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| These results are consistent with global inactivation of the X chromosome in the male germline and support a selective explanation for X chromosome avoidance of genes with beneficial effects late in spermatogenesis. | |
| On the basis of results of the present study, we suggest that ESX1 could be used as a protein marker for X chromosome-bearing sperm. | |
747 Citations | Our findings indicate that the X chromosome has a predominant role in pre-meiotic stages of mammalian spermatogenesis. |
| Slit-scan flow cytometry allows exclusion of sperm with coiled tails from the analysis, resulting in a restoration of high resolution of X- and Y-chromosome bearing sperm populations. | |
35 Citations | X chromosome–linked deletions are relevant for impaired spermatogenesis. |
12 Citations | Possibilities for finding sperm and the biologic paternity in subjects with 45,X/46,XY karyotype should be considered. |
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How to check male fertility?5 answersMale fertility can be checked through a thorough evaluation of patients, including obtaining a medical and reproductive history, conducting a physical examination, and performing semen analysis. In cases of oligozoospermia or azoospermia, a hormonal evaluation should be done, including testing for total testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. Genetic testing should be offered to azoospermic men and those with severe oligozoospermia. Ultrasound of the genitourinary tract can also be used to enhance the physical examination. Additionally, biomarkers of sperm function, such as sperm apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA damage, can be measured using flow cytometry techniques to predict male fertility. Newer test methods have been established to investigate sperm physiology and functions, including motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, reactive oxygen species, sperm DNA damage, chromatin structure, zona pellucida binding, and sperm-oocyte fusion. A kit containing enzyme-linked antibodies has also been developed for determining male fertility using a seminal sample. Non-invasive tests, such as the detection of testosterone levels in urine samples using a paper-based lateral flow assay, hold potential for assessing male fertility.
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