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It can be a big stride towards passive breathing monitoring in daily life using commodity earbuds.
(EEC), and the extent of those environmental changes is influenced by the duration of using the earbuds, as well as, the attitude of maintaining hygiene of the earpieces.
They are relatively immune to noise and the control field is easy to find.
In addition, when measurements are carried out at low frequencies in current mode the electrode contribution to the noise can be minimized.
Initial results from this longitudinal study indicate that volunteers find daily noise exposure monitoring to be feasible, and that workers who monitor daily are able to reduce exposures.
These results indicate the feasibility and superiority of fusion in earbuds platforms for detection of cough events.

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How locations for machines are chosen in germany's pfandsystem?
5 answers
In Germany's Pfandsystem, machine locations are chosen using various methods. One approach involves optimizing machine location based on load-distance combinations. Another method utilizes marker points on machines and reference points in the worksite, tracked by a tracking apparatus to determine machine location and orientation. Additionally, determining machine location involves integrating signals from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a satellite positioning unit, correcting errors, and prioritizing the more accurate source for location determination. Furthermore, a system can define a machine's position within a wire loop perimeter, evaluating its distance from the loop to establish its location within a bounded area. These diverse techniques contribute to the precise selection of machine locations in Germany's Pfandsystem.
What were the early explorations in structure health monitoring of pressure vessels during the 2000s?
5 answers
Early explorations in structural health monitoring (SHM) of pressure vessels during the 2000s involved various technological advancements and experimental validations. These explorations encompassed the development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled system for real-time monitoring of pressure vessel structures, utilizing technologies like digital twin, Flask framework, Vue framework, and Mysql databases for data mining and scene perception. Additionally, research efforts focused on operational evaluation, diagnostic measurements, information condensation, and damage identification using experimental data from aging aircraft, wind energy, bridges, offshore structures, and mechanical parts, paving the way for advanced SHM applications in diverse infrastructure sectors. Furthermore, studies delved into the application of ultrasound for structural health monitoring of composite structures, particularly addressing metal to composite disbonding through guided ultrasonic waves, numerical modeling, and signal processing techniques for improved detectability and warning systems.
What were the early explorations in structure health monitoring of pressure vessels during the 1990s?
5 answers
Early explorations in structural health monitoring (SHM) of pressure vessels during the 1990s focused on operational evaluation, diagnostic measurements, information condensation, and damage identification. Additionally, advancements were made in utilizing PVDF piezoelectric film sensors for load measurement systems in aerospace structures to prevent damage from external forces. Furthermore, the use of ultrasound for structural health monitoring in composite structures, particularly bilayered laminates, was explored to detect metal to composite disbonding and through-thickness delamination induced by impacts like space debris. These early explorations laid the foundation for incorporating IoT technology, cloud computing, and innovative fitting methods based on space deformation for real-time monitoring and accurate damage detection in pressure vessels and other large structures.
How to make e module speaking?
4 answers
To create an e-module for speaking skills, follow a structured development process like the Research & Development (R&D) model by Borg & Gall. Begin with research and information collection, planning, developing the original product form, testing the field of the product, revising the initial product, testing the main product field, and making operational product revisions. Incorporate interactive elements, suitable content, and engaging activities to enhance learners' speaking abilities effectively. Additionally, consider integrating tools like Zoom for online speaking practice. Ensure the module is validated by experts and tested with pre and post-tests to assess its effectiveness in improving speaking skills. This structured approach will help in developing a comprehensive and impactful e-module for enhancing speaking proficiency.
How has IoT improved success in individual sports?
5 answers
IoT technology has significantly enhanced success in individual sports by revolutionizing athlete monitoring systems. Wearable IoT devices provide real-time data on athletes' physiological and psychological parameters during training and competitions. These devices, equipped with sensors and IoT connectivity, enable coaches to design tailored training programs based on accurate performance metrics. Moreover, IoT-based smart wearable systems have been developed to monitor athletes' activities, predict health conditions, and improve performance effectively. By utilizing sensor-derived IoT data, injury risk factors can be identified, allowing for targeted risk reduction training activities and injury prevention strategies tailored to individual athletes. Additionally, IoT has been instrumental in developing cost-effective timing gate systems for measuring various aspects of athletic training, such as speed, acceleration, and power.
Why is smeared-point correlation not commonly used in research?
5 answers
Smeared-point correlation is not commonly used in research due to the computational expense of conventional correlation-type algorithms. Instead, researchers often opt for methods like free-form smearing, which offer advantages such as reduced statistical errors when reconstructing spectral functions from two-point correlation functions. Additionally, traditional methods of cross-correlation are not directly applicable to point time series, necessitating the development of new methods specifically tailored for point series analysis. While point correlation techniques have been proposed to reduce computational costs by matching with a precomputed set of points rather than the entire template, these methods are still evolving and may not yet be widely adopted in research settings.
How do different theories of network power address the paradox of network connection and control?
5 answers
The paradox of network connection and control is addressed by different theories of network power in various ways. One theory focuses on the linear controllability framework for complex networks, revealing that applying control signals based on structural controllability theory may lead to energy divergence, especially with a single driving signal. Another theory introduces the power equation, stating that power lies with those connected to powerless others, which is significant in scenarios like bargaining situations. Additionally, research on network capacity and transmission power shows that optimal network capacity can increase with higher transmission power in certain configurations, but may be limited in uniformly distributed nodes, with interactions between power control, link scheduling, and routing affecting capacity gains.
How has internet of things affected individual sports success?
5 answers
The Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly impacted individual sports success by revolutionizing athlete monitoring systems. IoT-based wearable devices and smart systems enable real-time tracking of athletes' physiological and psychological parameters, enhancing performance and reducing injury risks. These technologies provide coaches with accurate data for designing tailored training programs, optimizing in-game strategies, and identifying vulnerabilities in opponents. Moreover, IoT devices can quantify functional capabilities, assess injury risks, and facilitate targeted interventions to prevent injuries and improve player safety. The application of IoT technology in individual sports has opened up new possibilities for objectively observing and analyzing athletic performances, leading to the implementation of innovative training methods and performance evaluation techniques.
How many Mel frequency cepstral coefficients are needed for speech processing tasks?
5 answers
Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) are widely used in speech processing tasks. The number of MFCC extracted features varies depending on the specific task. Some studies have used 13 MFCC features, while others have proposed an adaptive range of 2 to 91 features. The choice of the number of MFCC features depends on the desired level of discrimination between speakers and the specific recognition task at hand. It has been found that using a filter bank with 24 bands and a bandwidth of 220 mels gives optimal results for SD distance measures. Additionally, the use of multi-taper methods in feature extraction has shown to reduce variance and improve separation between speakers. Therefore, the number of MFCC coefficients needed for speech processing tasks can vary depending on the specific application and the desired level of performance.
What are the trends of medicine and mems electrical measurements?
4 answers
Advancements in technology, particularly in the areas of MEMS and wireless, have led to a new generation of medical devices that are smaller in size and more efficient in their measurements. MEMS sensors have been widely used in various medical applications, such as diagnostics, monitoring vital signs, and measuring blood chemistry parameters. These sensors offer benefits such as small size, low price, high functionality, and high precision. They have been integrated into portable lab-on-a-chip devices for quick and reliable diagnostics procedures. Additionally, MEMS-based inertial measurement units have been used for monitoring human vital signs and tracking controlled and free-hand motions. The development of MEMS technology has enabled the integration of mechanical and electrical systems into a single base, leading to significant advancements in medical research and the standard of care in medicine.
Are 5STS and lower extremity muscle strength related?
5 answers
The 5-Sit-to-stand test (5STS) is related to lower extremity muscle strength. Multiple studies have shown a significant correlation between the 5STS test and lower limb muscle strength in various populations, including older adults, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). In older adults, the 5STS test was found to be a promising objective measure of muscle power, with very large to extremely large correlations with measures of velocity, force, and muscle power. In patients with MS, the 5STS test correlated with lower extremity muscle strength and balance performance. Similarly, in patients with SCI, the 5STS test significantly correlated with lower extremity muscle strength, except for hip adductor muscles. These findings suggest that the 5STS test can be used as a time- and cost-effective field method to assess lower extremity muscle strength in various populations.