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This represents a step towards electrochemical transistors serving complementary electronic functions as existing CMOS technology.
The high speed performance of the pnp transistors surpasses the best reported values of this transistor type substantially.
Our results provide clues to better understand oxide transistors and to optimize their performance.
The accurate equivalent circuit will be helpful in designing transistors for more specialized applications.
The technique is applicable both for homojunction and heterojunction transistors.
Finally, a global model is proposed that is able to accurately characterize the whole behavior of the transistors.
The results are important for the design of polymer vertical transistors with high on/off ratios.
The obtained results demonstrate a potential of this technique for development of the next-generation high-power transistors.
This paper not only exposes various novel properties of BP transistors, but also demonstrates the great usefulness of the BP transistors.
These results are especially important for new generations of power switching transistors.

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What is parasitic corrosion?
5 answers
Parasitic corrosion refers to the deterioration of a metal due to chemical or electrochemical reactions with its environment, leading to surface degradation. In the context of electrochemical cells, parasitic effects can also manifest as undesired electrochemical currents resulting from interactions between different conductivities within composite electrode materials. Additionally, in the field of semiconductor chips, parasitic extraction is utilized to analyze and optimize timing and other characteristics by determining and storing parasitic resistance and capacitance values for multi-corner analysis. Understanding and mitigating parasitic effects are crucial in various fields to ensure the proper functioning and longevity of materials and devices.
How many transistors do Class A amplifiers use?
5 answers
Class A amplifiers use at least one transistor for amplification.
Area of not gate in 45nm technology
5 answers
The abstracts provided do not contain specific information about the area of a NOT gate in 45nm technology.
Can i detect the torque of perpendicular MTJ by stfmr?
4 answers
Yes, the torque of a perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) can be detected using Spin-Torque Ferromagnetic Resonance (ST-FMR). ST-FMR is a technique that can be used to measure the efficiency of spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in spintronic devices. In the case of a perpendicular MTJ, the ST-FMR spectrum shows two resonance modes: in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization precession modes. By performing modulation of the damping measurement for these modes, the dampinglike torque efficiency can be determined. The obtained values of dampinglike torque efficiency are consistent with each other, indicating the effectiveness of ST-FMR measurements for determining the torque efficiency of a perpendicular MTJ.
How to improve operating procedures in semiconductor industry for safety?
5 answers
To improve operating procedures in the semiconductor industry for safety, it is important to implement safe working procedures and control measures. This includes observing and analyzing unsafe working procedures and preparing safe operating procedures for each operation in the industry. Additionally, it is crucial to perform source emission monitoring and ambient air quality monitoring to control and eliminate air pollution, which is a major hazard in the industry. Proper use of engineering controls, personal protective equipment, and knowledge of correct use procedures are imperative in semiconductor operations. Furthermore, effective regulation and enforcement of health and safety standards are necessary to ensure worker safety in the industry. Education, protection and support for labor inspectors, government commitment to enforcing laws, and recognition of workers' rights are also important for best practices in the semiconductor industry.
What project i built in AI electronics?
5 answers
In the field of AI electronics, a project has been developed to diagnose Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) using an Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) system. This system utilizes a neural network approach to classify visible defects on a SMT-PCB. Another project focuses on the commercialization of Organic and Large-area Electronics (OLAE) in Europe. The COLAE project aims to promote the commercial exploitation of OLAE technology, provide training and support services, and establish an OLAE feasibility network. Additionally, a project demonstrates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for automatic online real-time optimization of a power electronics converter. This project utilizes a dual active bridge (DAB) converter and a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm to achieve improved efficiency in power conversion and supply. Finally, a project aims to develop a new class of memory devices for AI applications. This project focuses on controlled incorporation of metal ions into the insulating layer of a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) transistor to create a low-energy, non-volatile, and neuromorphic memory device.
How does a temperature sensor work?
5 answers
A temperature sensor works by measuring the temperature of a specific location or apparatus. It does this by using various components and circuits. One approach is to use a temperature sensor circuit that includes two banks of bipolar transistors. These transistors are configured to produce voltages and currents that are dependent upon their temperature sensitivity. Another approach is to use a temperature sensor assembly with a set of wires and a thermistor connected to the wires by lead frames. The thermistor measures the temperature and sends the information through the wires. Additionally, a temperature sensor circuit can include a measuring resistor and a controllable voltage or current source. The source applies an adjustable input voltage to the measuring resistor, allowing for continuous adjustment of the input voltage. Another type of temperature sensor is equipped with a sensor element of electric wires connected to a thermal body. Finally, a temperature sensing device may include a sensor module and a thermostatic switch that controls the flow of electrical current to the sensor module.
What's the softbank pepper waiting mode?
4 answers
The SoftBank Pepper robot has a waiting mode where it decreases the higher potential and increases the lower potential while the substrate potentials remain unchanged. In this waiting mode, the robot is not actively performing tasks but is ready to respond to user interactions. The waiting mode helps conserve power and allows the robot to be in a standby state until it is needed for further actions.
Can the aesthetic experience of art or nature influence the salivary levels of oxytocin?
5 answers
The aesthetic experience of art or nature can influence the salivary levels of oxytocin. In a pilot study, Tanaka et al. found that participatory art activities led to a significantly higher increase in salivary oxytocin levels in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developed children. Additionally, Ohshiro et al. developed an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) sensor that successfully detected oxytocin in human saliva, suggesting the potential for portable sensors to monitor oxytocin levels. Furthermore, Breiby's study on nature-based tourism revealed that aesthetic dimensions such as scenery/viewing and art/architecture can influence tourists' satisfaction, indicating a potential link between aesthetics and oxytocin release. Although not directly addressing oxytocin levels, Tsai and Tsai's study on interactive brick sculpture discussed the elements of aesthetic interaction and pleasure, which could potentially impact oxytocin release during art experiences. Overall, these studies suggest that the aesthetic experience of art or nature may have an influence on salivary oxytocin levels.
How has the trend of power density in power electronics evolved over the past decade?
5 answers
The trend of power density in power electronics has evolved significantly over the past decade. There has been a strong development of power devices, driven by the increasing demand for power electronic devices in various domains of electric energy. Specific on-resistance (RonA) has been reduced by a factor of 1 for 15-20 years, leading to an increase in output power due to high current density operation. DC/DC converters have also seen advancements in high power density, with technologies such as high efficiency PWM and passive integration being utilized. In the field of transformers and electrical machines, the use of nanocrystalline and amorphous magnetic materials has emerged as an effective solution for reducing power loss and increasing efficiency. These advancements in power density have been driven by the need for smaller, lighter, and more affordable electromagnetic devices.
Which methods can be used for rapid state of health estimation?
5 answers
Rapid state of health (SOH) estimation methods for lithium-ion batteries have been proposed in the literature. One approach is to use a combination of the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) and weighted quantile regression (WQR) methods to learn a nonlinear mapping between measurable characteristics and SOH. Another method involves feature selection and machine learning techniques, such as linear regression (LR), to estimate SOH based on capacity-based curves. Additionally, an impedance calculation-based method using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been proposed, where impedance features are selected and an extreme learning machine is used for SOH evaluation. Finally, a method based on incremental capacity (IC) analysis and Gaussian process regression (GPR) has been developed specifically for fast-charging batteries, achieving a significant reduction in mean absolute percentage error.