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How to tell if your stove is glass or ceramic? 

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It is found that the bulk crystallization could be considered as the predominant crystallization mechanism for the glass–ceramic.
Since the glass melts at ≈1000°C, the high temperature properties of the final ceramic are in fact determined by the properties of the grain-boundary glass.
The results show that different heat-treatment schedule will result different crystal shape of the glass–ceramic.
The more detailed structural information available from the aluminium-free glass ceramic, and the similarity in the Q 1 /Q 2 ratio between the glass and its derived ceramic leads to the thesis that the ceramic structure may, in favourable cases, be used to model phosphate speciation in the glass.
The resulting mechanical properties (hardness, strength, fracture toughness, elastic constant and wear rate) of the glass-ceramic indicated good possibilities for use in structural materials.
Electrical conductivity is found to be comparable to glass and glass-ceramic samples.
The addition of high amounts of glass (>30 wt%) into the ceramic bodies is undesirable due to its adverse action on the physical properties of products.
The experimental results indicated that the density and shrinkage of the glass-ceramic vary with increasing the sintering temperature.
Microstructural, physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the produced glass-ceramic samples are better than those of the produced glass and ceramic samples.
This study has revealed that the microstructure of the glass-ceramic is mainly affected by the heating treatments holding times.

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What are the precursors used in geopolymer?
10 answers
The precursors used in the synthesis of geopolymers are diverse, reflecting the wide range of raw materials that can be activated to form these amorphous silicate polymers. Among the precursors identified, metakaolin is a common choice due to its reactivity and availability, as highlighted in studies where it was activated with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate to produce geopolymers, and also used in the production of porous mullite ceramics derived from geopolymers. Similarly, nearly pure kaolin has been utilized, benefiting from its minimal impurity content to achieve an ideal geopolymer composition. In addition to these more traditional sources, unconventional aluminosilicate materials have been explored. For instance, natural soil, with a high aluminosilicate content, has been activated using a sodium silicate solution to synthesize geopolymers, demonstrating the potential of less common raw materials in geopolymer production. Construction and demolition wastes (CDWs), containing high silica and alumina, have also been identified as viable precursors, offering a sustainable alternative by reutilizing waste materials. Research has further extended into the use of hazardous solid waste, such as spent fluid catalytic cracking (sFCC) catalyst, as an aluminosilicate precursor, showcasing the capability of geopolymers to immobilize heavy metals. Additionally, a blend of alumina-silicate rich materials has been investigated for one-part alkali-activated cements, aiming to minimize the limitations associated with conventional precursors. Moreover, a quadruple precursor system incorporating fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, metakaolin, and Portland cement has been examined for geopolymer coatings, indicating the complexity and versatility in precursor selection. Lastly, geopolymers have been synthesized from metabentonite, metadiatomite, and metakaolinite, further expanding the range of raw materials suitable for geopolymerization. This diversity in precursor materials underscores the adaptability of geopolymer technology to various raw material sources, ranging from industrial by-products to natural minerals and waste materials, each contributing unique properties to the resulting geopolymers.
What is quasi dynamic analysis?
5 answers
Quasi-dynamic analysis involves studying systems that exhibit dynamic behavior but are analyzed using quasi-static or simplified dynamic models. In various fields like wireless charging of electric vehicles, reactive crystallization processes, pneumatic vibration isolators, and mathematical properties of differential equations, quasi-dynamic models are utilized. These models capture the temporal changes and interactions within the systems, considering dynamic elements like time-varying parameters or processes. For instance, in the context of wireless charging, quasi-dynamic models are developed to analyze the complex electromagnetic environment during in-motion charging processes. Similarly, in reactive crystallization, a quasi-dynamic model integrates mass balances and simulations to predict concentration changes and particle size distributions over time. Overall, quasi-dynamic analysis provides insights into the dynamic behavior of systems through simplified yet effective modeling approaches.
What forms can tautomers exist in?
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5 answers
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Why concrete need reinforcement of hair and Eggshell powder?
5 answers
Concrete requires reinforcement with materials like hair and eggshell powder to enhance its mechanical properties and sustainability. Hair fibers can be used as a reinforcement material in concrete to improve its tensile strength and reduce cracking. On the other hand, eggshell powder, rich in calcium, can be utilized as a partial replacement for cement in concrete mixtures, leading to increased strength and reduced deformations. Incorporating eggshell powder in concrete not only enhances its mechanical properties but also provides a sustainable solution for waste disposal, contributing to environmental protection. Therefore, the combination of hair fibers and eggshell powder as reinforcements in concrete results in a durable and eco-friendly construction material.
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The collision cross-section of the H beta peak in the Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) process is not explicitly mentioned in the provided contexts. However, the research by Kebaili et al. discusses the interaction of SiHx radicals with the surface during the PECVD process, focusing on the reactivity coefficients of radicals like SiH3. On the other hand, the study by Edelman et al. delves into the deposition of Si:H solar cells by PECVD, highlighting the morphology and efficiency of the cells, but does not directly address the collision cross-section of the H beta peak. Therefore, based on the available data, the specific collision cross-section of the H beta peak in the PECVD process remains unspecified in the provided contexts.
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Reflectance significantly impacts laser scanner range measurements. High reflectivity surfaces, like mirrors, glass, or highly reflective materials, can cause errors in distance data due to specular reflections, leading to phantom-like objects and wrong distance measurements. Specular reflections from such surfaces can increase laser signal power, causing disorder in echo detection and recognition, resulting in significant errors in distance observations. Studies suggest that the reflectance of the calibrator used for calibration plays a crucial role in measurement accuracy, with optimal results obtained when using calibrators with specific reflectance levels around 18%. Reflectivity variations can lead to systematic deviations in reflectorless electronic distance measurements, with diffusely reflecting surfaces causing deviations of a few millimeters and directionally reflecting surfaces causing even more significant errors.
How do excipients interact with active pharmaceutical ingredients to form impurities during manufacturing processes?
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4 answers
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5 answers
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