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have shown that the reactivity of free amino acids with chlorine is related to their structure.
On the other hand, the mixture of amino acids from endogenous sources is seems to more closely resemble the amino acid composition of terrestrial proteins.
This provided conclusive evidence of plant root uptake of intact amino acids.
Among the three sulphur-containing amino acids, both cysteine and methionine are essential to the cotton aphid since neither inorganic sulphur nor higher levels of either amino acid alone alter the requirement.
The Cotton effects of thiazole amino acids correlate well with the absolute stereochemistry of these compounds.
It is observed that polymers derived from α-amino acids constitute a promising family of biodegradable materials.
This latter technique allows for discriminating among different amino acids and thus different peptide-cotton samples.
Furthermore, amino acids in the region adjacent to the N-terminal region were involved in releasing microfibrils and in binding to dyed cotton fabrics, indicating that the binding of the amino acids in this region might be important in the release of microfibrils from dyed cotton fabrics.
Finally unoxidized cotton and pre-oxidized cotton further treated with glycine (amino acid) provide a new route of acid bath salt free reactive dyeing showing much higher dye uptake and higher degree of surface cover with amino acid residue anchored to modified cotton.
All the free Cm-L-amino acids and the dicyclohexylammonium salts of their N-ethylthiocarbonothioyl derivatives show positive Cotton effects at 200–225 nm and at 335–350 nm respectively in CD measurements; therefore, these correlations can be used for the configurational assignments of Cm-amino acids.

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What are characterization of hybrid hydrogels?
5 answers
Characterization of hybrid hydrogels involves a multidisciplinary approach encompassing physicochemical, mechanical, and biological analyses. Physicochemical methods, such as rheology measurements and electron microscope scanning, are utilized to study viscoelastic, swelling, and transport properties of hybrid hydrogels. Mechanical properties are extensively investigated through tensile testing, compression testing, and rheological measurements, showcasing the tunability of these hydrogels. Additionally, morphological conformation, swelling behavior, mechanical properties, and biodegradation are key aspects studied in hybrid hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. Biological characterization includes assessing biocompatibility, biodegradability, and osteoconductivity, crucial for applications like bone regeneration. Overall, the comprehensive characterization of hybrid hydrogels is vital for understanding their potential in various fields, from tissue engineering to 3D printing applications.
Do i need to combust the glass fiber filter before usage?
5 answers
Yes, in some cases, it is necessary to combust the glass fiber filter before usage. For instance, in the preparation of ECR glass fiber filter cloth, the filter base cloth is passed through hot water for hot cleaning and then through hot air for combustion, enhancing its resistance to strong-acid substances and improving its strength and filtering efficiency. Additionally, silicon carbide filters require calcination at high temperatures in a nonoxidative atmosphere to form a metallized electrode, which aids in burning out carbon particles stuck on the filter to regenerate it before use. However, not all glass fiber filters require combustion; some are designed to resist high temperatures, acid, and alkali without the need for pre-combustion treatment.
What are the advantages of using Cholesterol coating in nanostructured lipid carriers?
5 answers
Cholesterol coating in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) offers several advantages. Firstly, NLCs with a cholesterol coating exhibit enhanced stability on storage, ensuring the preservation of drug payload. Secondly, the cholesterol coating can help in overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapy, making NLCs a promising option for targeted drug delivery. Additionally, the use of cholesterol in NLCs can contribute to improved skin penetration of therapeutic agents in transdermal drug delivery applications. Moreover, the cholesterol-coated NLCs can enhance the aqueous solubility of lipophilic drugs, thereby improving their bioavailability and efficacy. Overall, the incorporation of cholesterol in NLCs provides benefits such as increased stability, enhanced drug delivery, and improved therapeutic outcomes across various applications.
What is the main type of biomolecules?
4 answers
The main types of biomolecules are nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other small molecules, as highlighted in the provided contexts. These biomolecules play crucial roles in various biological processes and are essential for the structure and function of living organisms. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store genetic information, while proteins perform diverse functions in cells. Lipids are important for cell membranes and energy storage, while carbohydrates serve as a source of energy and structural components. Additionally, other small molecules are involved in intricate metabolic reactions within cells. Understanding the significance of these biomolecule types is fundamental in fields like biochemistry, biomedical engineering, and bioscience, where their applications range from disease diagnosis to drug delivery and tissue engineering.
What are the current research gaps in understanding the impact of various materials on teeth?
4 answers
Current research gaps in understanding the impact of various materials on teeth include the need for a comprehensive assessment of genotoxicity induced by dental materials like bleaching agents, restorative materials, and resin-based sealers. Additionally, there is a necessity for further investigations into the mechanical properties of human teeth, particularly enamel and dentin, to enhance artificial tooth development and understand how these properties change with age and in different oral environments. Furthermore, there is a call for audits to identify research gaps in clinical trials related to the application of glass-ionomer cements in dental practice, highlighting the importance of filling these gaps to improve the safety and efficacy of dental treatments. These gaps underscore the ongoing need for in-depth studies to ensure the safety and effectiveness of dental biomaterials.
What are the potential applications of nanoparticles in healthcare?
5 answers
Nanoparticles offer diverse applications in healthcare, including bioimaging, targeted drug delivery, cancer therapy, and prosthetics. Biopolymeric nanoparticles derived from various sources serve as promising drug delivery systems due to their biocompatibility, stability, and controlled release capabilities. Nanotechnology in medicine enables improved diagnostic tools, targeted drug delivery, and enhanced treatments for diseases like cancer, utilizing nanomaterials' sensitivity and specificity. Nanotechnology advancements in healthcare are undergoing clinical trials for targeted drug delivery, disease treatment, and drug development, with a focus on minimizing side effects for better healthcare outcomes. The integration of nanomaterials in healthcare showcases a significant potential for revolutionizing medical practices and enhancing patient outcomes.
What is the function of carboxylmethyl chitosan in bone tissue engineering?
5 answers
Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCTS) plays a crucial role in bone tissue engineering by promoting osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and enhancing mineralization. Additionally, CMCTS has been utilized in a chitosan-silica biocomposite, where it showed good biocompatibility and supported new bone tissue formation. Furthermore, chitosan biofunctionalized with specific peptides, including a BMP-2 peptide, has demonstrated enhanced osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and calcium deposition, highlighting the osteoinductive capacity of CMCTS-based scaffolds. Overall, CMCTS, due to its favorable properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, and osteoinductive potential, emerges as a promising material for bone tissue engineering applications, aiding in cell differentiation, bone defect repair, and new bone formation.
Do ribonucleases autohydrolyze?
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Ribonucleases (RNases) exhibit autohydrolysis, as observed in various studies. The autocatalytic properties of RNAs, including short oligoribonucleotides, lead to selective hydrolysis, independent of ribonuclease contamination. Additionally, RNase A undergoes irreversible thermal denaturation involving hydrolysis and deamidation, especially under soft-hydrothermal processing conditions. Enzymes capable of hydrolyzing phosphate esters, like RNase A, show a preference for intermediate product release over hydrolysis, indicating autocatalytic behavior. The structures and mechanisms of natural enzymes, including RNases, involve interactions between amino acid residues that facilitate hydrolysis via acid-base catalysis rather than nucleophilic catalysis. Furthermore, purified influenza virus contains ribonuclease activity that degrades host cell RNA through hydrolysis, showcasing the enzymatic hydrolytic capability of RNases.
How are experiments on tissue repair conducted?” in English.?
5 answers
Experiments on tissue repair are conducted using various methods and devices. One approach involves pulling tissue over a bone location, driving bone anchors through the tissue into the bone at different locations, and tightening sutures to create a suture over the tissue. Another method utilizes a tissue repair apparatus with fixation members, a flexible coupling member, and a closed loop of flexible material to secure tissue together. Additionally, a tissue repair device includes a handle, needle body, implants connected by a suture, a ratchet assembly, and implant retention features to facilitate controlled implant deployment. Furthermore, a tissue repair device features a closed knotless loop of multifilament material and a fixation member to aid in tissue repair. These diverse techniques and devices contribute to advancing the field of tissue repair through innovative experimental approaches.
What are the current trends and developments in the Chinese protein market?
5 answers
The Chinese biopharmaceutical industry, including the protein market, has been experiencing significant growth and development. China's biopharmaceutical sector has shown a substantial increase in sales volume, with total sales of biological products reaching 67.91 billion yuan in 2020. The industry is considered one of the seven emerging strategic industries in China, demonstrating unique advantages in treating persistent diseases and offering broad prospects in the pharmaceutical sector. Moreover, the industry is thriving due to advancements in biopharmaceutical technology, which is considered one of the most promising biotechnologies globally. The amino acid industry in China has also seen remarkable progress, with the country becoming a major global supplier of amino acids like glutamic acid and lysine. Overall, these trends reflect a robust and evolving landscape in the Chinese protein market.
Is there a difference in metabolism from ILE between men and women?
5 answers
There are notable differences in metabolism between men and women, especially in critical illness scenarios. Research indicates that women exhibit distinct metabolic responses early in critical illness, showing positive associations in sphingomyelin and lysophospholipid metabolites compared to men, along with negative associations in acylcarnitine, androgenic steroid, bile acid, nucleotide, and amino acid metabolites. Additionally, in endurance athletes, women tend to use more lipids and less carbohydrates and proteins as energy sources compared to men during long-lasting exercise, influenced by hormonal differences like 17b-estradiol and testosterone. Furthermore, in critically ill patients, females demonstrate a different amino acid production response, with greater elevations or attenuated reductions in protein breakdown-related amino acids compared to males. These findings highlight the importance of considering gender-specific metabolic variations in various physiological states.