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Is graphene cheaper than steel? 

Corrosion
Graphene
Tribology
Carbon steel
Coating

Answers from top 10 papers

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Papers (10)Insight
Journal Article•DOI
Graphene-based nanocomposites for structural and functional applications: using 2-dimensional materials in a 3-dimensional world
Paolo Samorì, Ian A. Kinloch, Xinliang Feng, Vincenzo Palermo 
25 Sep 2015
30 Citations
However, the performance of such products is not comparable to that of pristine graphene sheets, measured at the nanoscale, which easily outperform well-established materials such as steel, silicon, or copper.
Journal Article•DOI
Processing and Characterization Techniques of Graphene Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites (GRMMC); A Review
M. Anthony Xavior, H.G. Prashantha Kumar 
01 Jan 2017-Materials Today: Proceedings
27 Citations
Graphene is an efficient conductor, fire resistant, incredibly flexible, yet 200 times stronger than steel and an ultra-light material.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
The Implementation of Graphene Composites for Automotive: An Industrial Perspective
N. Izzaty, Hasan Yudie Sastra, Ilyas 
01 Jun 2019
8 Citations
Graphene composites is expected to be lighter yet provide more strength, much stronger than steel.
Journal Article•DOI
Theoretical Study on Magnetoelectric and Thermoelectric Properties for Graphene Devices
Hiroyuki Kageshima, Hiroki Hibino, Masao Nagase, Yoshiaki Sekine, Hiroshi Yamaguchi 
20 Jul 2011-Japanese Journal of Applied Physics
16 Citations
Since graphene is cheaper, resource abundant, more harmless, higher in melting temperature, and much lighter in density, than the present typical material, BiTe/Sb, many new applications could be considered.
Open access•Posted Content
Rupture index: a quantitative measurement of sub-micrometer cracks in graphene
Hadi Arjmandi-Tash, Lin Jiang, Grégory F. Schneider 
09 Jan 2017-arXiv: Materials Science
5 Citations
By weight, graphene is stronger than steel; but the monolayer does crack with improper handling.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
The Utilization of Graphene Oxide in Traditional Construction Materials: Asphalt
Wenbo Zeng, Shaopeng Wu, Ling Pang, Yihan Sun, Zongwu Chen 
07 Jan 2017-Materials
64 Citations
Nowadays, graphene and GO are much cheaper than before with the development of production technologies, which provides the possibility of using these extraordinary materials in the traditional construction industry.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI
Reduction of the Coefficient of Friction of Steel-Steel Tribological Contacts by Novel Graphene-Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) Lubricants
Ignacio García, Silvia Guerra, Juan de Damborenea, Ana Conde 
24 Apr 2019-Lubricants
17 Citations
According to the results, the addition of 1 wt% graphene reduces friction coefficient (COF) and, notably, prevents adhesive wear, reducing wear rate on steel-steel sliding contacts.
Journal Article•DOI
Protecting carbon steel from corrosion by laser in situ grown graphene films
Xiaohui Ye, Zhe Lin, Hongjun Zhang, Hongwei Zhu, Zhu Liu, Minlin Zhong 
01 Nov 2015-Carbon
73 Citations
These results indicate that the in situ grown graphene coatings perform very well in resisting harsh environments, much better than stainless steel itself.
Journal Article•DOI
Corrosion- and wear-resistant composite film of graphene and mussel adhesive proteins on carbon steel
Jie Cheng, Jie Cheng, Jie Cheng, Sulin Chen, Fan Zhang, Bin Shen, Xinchun Lu, Jinshan Pan 
01 Mar 2020-Corrosion Science
22 Citations
Results show that the Mefp-1/graphene film exhibits strong adhesion to carbon steel, provides improved corrosion- and wear-resistance, and a significantly increased lubricity on carbon steel.
Journal Article•DOI
Surface Hardening of Stainless Steel by Coating Graphene Using Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition
Akkawat Ruammaitree, Disayut Phokharatkul, Anurat Wisitsoraat 
01 Sep 2018-Solid State Phenomena
6 Citations
The results show that the growth of graphene on stainless steel can harden the surface of stainless steel.

Related Questions

Is graphene expensive for anti corrosion?5 answersGraphene is a promising material for anti-corrosion coatings, but its effectiveness and cost depend on the specific application. While graphene can enhance the compactness and dispersity of coatings, it can also promote corrosion at graphene-metal interfaces, potentially weakening the coated metals. Different methods have been used to prepare graphene-based anti-corrosion coatings, such as surface modification of graphene to improve its dispersity in the coating, and doping graphene oxide into the coating to reduce corrosion current and improve anti-corrosion properties. The composition of the coating, including the addition of epoxy resin, vinylidene chloride resin, acrylic acid, and other components, can greatly improve the corrosion resistance of the coating. Overall, the cost of graphene for anti-corrosion applications may vary depending on the specific formulation and preparation method used, as well as the desired performance characteristics of the coating.
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Why nitrigen doped graohene is better that graphene for gas sensing?
5 answers
Nitrogen-doped graphene exhibits enhanced gas-sensing capabilities compared to pristine graphene due to several key factors. Firstly, the introduction of nitrogen into the graphene lattice induces a band gap, which is absent in pristine graphene, thereby improving its electrical conductivity and sensitivity to gas molecules. This modification allows for a more pronounced modulation of electrical conductivity in response to gas adsorption, making nitrogen-doped graphene a superior material for detecting various gases. The doping process also generates defects and increases the surface area, which maximizes the interaction between the surface and gas molecules, further enhancing the gas-sensing performance. Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies have shown that nitrogen-doped graphene sheets exhibit selective binding to different gases, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, which is crucial for the development of selective gas sensors. The electronic structures of these doped graphene sheets are altered in a way that improves their ability to detect specific gases. Additionally, the presence of nitrogen creates special binding sites that are beneficial for near-surface interaction with gas molecules, significantly changing the electronic characteristics of graphene and its derivatives and expanding its potential use as gas sensors. Experimental research has demonstrated that nitrogen-doped graphene sensors are responsive to low concentrations of gases at room temperature, showcasing higher sensitivity and excellent reproducibility compared to their undoped counterparts. Furthermore, the introduction of nitrogen into graphene has been shown to facilitate stronger chemisorption of gas molecules, such as NO2, leading to higher sensitivity and selectivity towards these gases. The codoping of heteroatoms, including nitrogen, in graphene has been explored to further improve gas sensing properties, indicating that nitrogen doping is a key strategy in enhancing the performance of graphene-based gas sensors. In summary, nitrogen doping enhances the gas-sensing capabilities of graphene by introducing a band gap, generating defects, increasing surface area, and creating specific binding sites for gas molecules, which collectively contribute to improved sensitivity, selectivity, and overall performance of gas sensors.What is the defintiion of hot corrosion?
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Hot corrosion is a form of chemical damage that occurs in materials exposed to hot gases above 400 °C without a liquid water phase, leading to surface degradation and reduced component life. It involves the deposition of corrosive species like sulfates onto hot components, causing destruction of the protective oxide scale. Hot corrosion mechanisms include thinning, erosion-corrosion, embrittlement, and localized attacks at grain boundaries. The removal of sulfur from fuel has been thought to mitigate hot corrosion, but the process is more complex, involving multiple sulfates and silicates from various sources like seawater entrained in the air. Hot corrosion significantly affects welded joints in high-temperature environments, such as gas turbines and boilers, leading to decreased service temperatures and potential failure. Coatings like Cr3C2-NiCr have been shown to protect against hot corrosion by forming protective oxide scales.How do advanced materials and coatings address the challenges of friction and wear in industrial applications?
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Advanced materials and coatings play a crucial role in addressing the challenges of friction and wear in industrial applications. These materials, such as Nano structural hard coatings like diamond-like carbon (DLC), titanium nitride (TiN), chromium nitride (CrN), and tungsten carbide (WC) coatings, offer increased hardness, wear resistance, and improved tribological properties. Techniques like physical vapor deposition (PVD) enable the creation of multicomponent, multilayer, and gradient coatings, enhancing tribological performance by tuning microstructure, composition, and hardness. Moreover, high entropy alloys (HEAs) exhibit exceptional mechanical properties and oxidation resistance, making them ideal for wear-resistant and friction-reducing coatings in extreme environments. These advancements in coatings and materials not only improve wear resistance but also optimize functionality, reduce friction, and enhance the overall performance of industrial components.What are the different packaging concepts for steel coils?
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Various innovative packaging concepts for steel coils have been proposed in recent research. These concepts include systems with automated packaging processes, such as attaching different packaging materials to the inner and outer edges of the coil, wrapping the coil surfaces, and rotating the coil during packaging to enhance efficiency and reduce production costs. Additionally, there are systems designed to reduce physical strain on operators by incorporating lifting devices and rotating carrier roller assemblies for easier handling and improved working efficiency. Furthermore, there are auxiliary devices for dividing and packaging multiple steel plate coils simultaneously, preventing unwinding and facilitating the packaging bending operation for divided coils. Moreover, there are novel steel coil packaging materials made from a combination of various components to enhance strength, anti-tensile effects, and corrosion resistance.What are the current advancements in the development of piezoresistive pressure sensors based on poly-silicon?
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Current advancements in piezoresistive pressure sensors based on poly-silicon include the utilization of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) for enhanced sensing capabilities. SiNWs exhibit unique one-dimensional electronic structures, making them ideal for various applications such as biosensors, FETs, and piezoresistive pressure sensors. Additionally, the development of flexible piezoresistive membranes using polymer solutions has shown promising results, with increased sensitivity and gauge factors for piezoresistive sensing applications. Furthermore, the integration of ultra-thin graphene foam (GRF) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in piezoresistive pressure sensors has demonstrated sensitivity to pressures ranging from 0 to >100kPa, although not yet comparable to current sensors. These advancements highlight the diverse approaches being explored to enhance the performance and applications of poly-silicon-based piezoresistive pressure sensors.What is the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni2O4/RGO composites?
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The microstructure plays a crucial role in determining the mechanical properties of NiAl2O4/RGO, Fe3O4+Ni, graphene/Ni, Ni–Co–ZrO2, and AgSnO2NiO composites. In the NiAl2O4/RGO composite, a bimodal microstructure with fine and coarse grains enhances strength and ductility. Similarly, in the graphene/Ni composite, a proper dispersion of graphene leads to improved tensile strength and plastic elongation. The Fe3O4+Ni composite exhibits enhanced mechanical properties with increasing weight percentages of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. In the Ni–Co–ZrO2 composite, the microhardness varies with the quantity of ZrO2 nanoparticles, affecting the mechanical properties. Additionally, the AgSnO2NiO composite's mechanical properties improve with the introduction of NiO particles, enhancing tensile strength and elongation. Overall, a well-controlled microstructure positively impacts the mechanical behavior of these composites.How does chemical vapor growth of graphene work?
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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for graphene growth involves complex gas-phase surface reactions, mass, momentum, and energy transfer processes. Factors like temperature, pressure, and reactor design play crucial roles in optimizing graphene synthesis. Electric fields applied during CVD can significantly impact graphene growth, enabling selective or rapid growth of clean films. Direct CVD of graphene on specific substrates like 3C-SiC can be challenging due to low carbon atom diffusion, necessitating alternative methods like PECVD for successful growth. A modified CVD method utilizing ceramic plates and defect-rich vertical graphene accelerates graphene growth without increasing nucleation density, enabling rapid millimeter-sized graphene grain production in minutes. Overall, CVD processes involve intricate mechanisms combining chemical reactions, transport phenomena, and reactor optimization to achieve efficient graphene synthesis.What is the importance of critical micelle concentration?
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The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is a crucial parameter in surfactant science, indicating the point at which surfactant molecules aggregate to form micelles in solution. Determining the CMC is essential for understanding surfactant behavior, such as surface activity and self-assembly. Various methods, including surface tension measurements, fluorescence spectroscopy, and diffusion-based techniques, are employed to determine the CMC accurately. The CMC value is significant as it influences the efficiency of surfactants in applications like corrosion inhibition and membrane protein studies. Accurate CMC determination is vital for characterizing surfactants and their behavior in different environments, aiding in the development and optimization of surfactant-based products and processes.Solid state foaming process PCL possible?
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The solid-state foaming process of Poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) is indeed feasible and has been extensively studied in various research papers. Studies have shown that utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a physical blowing agent enables the successful foaming of PCL. The incorporation of other materials such as Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), hydroxyapatite, nanocellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and graphene oxide has been explored to enhance the properties of the foamed PCL structures. Optimal process parameters have been identified, including pressure, temperature, and time, to achieve structures suitable for biomedical applications. The biocompatibility of the resulting PCL foams has been confirmed, making them suitable for use in artificial scaffolds for cell culture in biomedical engineering.Solid state foaming process pure PCL possible?
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Yes, the solid-state foaming process of pure poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) is feasible. Research has shown that PCL can be foamed using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a physical blowing agent, resulting in porous structures with controllable properties. Additionally, studies have explored the use of non-toxic and environmentally friendly blowing agents, such as supercritical mixtures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethyl lactate (EL), to foam PCL at relatively low temperatures. Furthermore, investigations into the foaming behavior of PCL with nitrogen as the foaming agent have provided insights into the correlation between foam structure and processing variables, aiding in the design of PCL foams with desired properties. Therefore, the solid-state foaming of pure PCL is not only possible but can also be tailored to achieve specific characteristics for various applications.Solid state foaming process pure PCL at -70degree possible?
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Solid-state foaming of pure PCL at -70 degrees Celsius is not feasible based on the data from the provided contexts. The optimal conditions for foaming PCL-based composites using supercritical CO2 were found to be at a temperature of 70 degrees Celsius. Additionally, studies on PCL foaming with supercritical CO2 and ethyl lactate as blowing agents were conducted at temperatures ranging from 35 to 40 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, investigations into the foaming behavior of PCL with nitrogen as the foaming agent did not mention temperatures as low as -70 degrees Celsius, emphasizing the correlation between foaming temperature and foam structure. Therefore, based on the available data, solid-state foaming of pure PCL at -70 degrees Celsius is not supported by the research findings.