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Is graphene oxide harmful to the human body? 

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FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Exposure to graphene oxide may pose toxic effects to health, as suggested in animal studies.
Besides, graphene oxide has a negative effect on the biological treatment.
Our results showed that sub-lethal doses of graphene oxide could be harmful to fish species and thus represent risks for the aquatic food chain.
It is possible that graphene oxide can cause multigenerational harmful effects.
We report the first atomistic-scale study on graphene oxide (GO) toxicity, revealing potentially harmful chemical mechanisms of GO during its interactions with biomolecules.
In striking contrast, graphene oxide is non-toxic for “bulk” cancer cells (non-stem) and normal fibroblasts.
[ 22 ] Thus, given the widespread presence of H 2 O 2 in the body and environment, and the future impact graphene may have on human health and environment, systematic studies need to be performed to investigate the direct chemical interaction between H 2 O 2 and graphene.
Importantly, similar to previously reported graphene inhalation data, this short-term nose-only inhalation study found only minimal or unnoticeable graphene oxide toxicity in the lungs and other organs.
In summary, graphene oxide is dose-dependently cytotoxic to cultured RPMI 8226 cells, and its toxicity is closely associated with increased oxidative stress.
HIGHLIGHTSReduced Graphene Oxide & Graphene Oxide can cause potential environmental hazards. Mechanism of ocular toxicity of the materials is complex but not to be identified. Short‐term exposure tests indicate: Graphene Oxide has apparent ocular toxicity.

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