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Our evidence also suggests that shrinking cities have less fiscal capacity than growing cities, although this relationship is complicated by an apparent nonlinearity: Shrinking and rapidly growing cities both have less fiscal capacity than high-demand cities that grow slowly.
(2006) that the population growth rate (λ) was less than 1 in recent years, indicating a shrinking population.
He praises Minneapolis as a role model- overlooking the small fact that Minneapolis has lost a fourth of its 1950 population, while Houston keeps growing.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
David Voas, Mark Chaves 
14 Citations
In this article, we show that even the intensely religious segment of the American population is indeed shrinking.
The results show a high level of heterogeneity among shrinking cities in terms of perceptions of neighborhood quality, with some cities experiencing both loss in housing and population while increasing overall perceptions of neighborhood quality.
We also find that local areas with shrinking populations had disproportionately high minority representation in 2000 before population loss took place.
We concluded that urban shrinking was often accompanied with urban sprawl; regional inequality was manifested in multiple scales and socio-spatial inequality became increasingly alarming; the causes and dynamics of urban shrinking were inevitably intertwined; and racial segregation and persistent poverty were the primary cause of long-lasting urban shrinking in Metropolitan Detroit.
We found that low socio-economic status residents and older residents dominate the population of shrinking regions, and unsurprisingly that the most ‘successful’ people are the most likely to leave such regions.
Furthermore, recent practical studies suggest that the potential for shrinking cities as retirement cities exists.
(4)Total GDP, GDP per capita, fiscal expenditures, employment, and built-up area have a significant impact on the population of shrinking cities.

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