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Collagen matrix is an effective inlay material.
This is a valuable result highlighting that the good dosimetric features of this gel matrix not only can be reproduced but also can be measured through independent experimental techniques based on different physical principles.
The improved interaction between the fibre and the matrix is due to an enhanced compatibility at the fibre/matrix interface.
This improvement is attributed to a better fibre–matrix interface as well as to local reinforcement of the matrix by nanofibres
Here, higher analyte/surfactant concentration would reduce matrix-matrix interactions (known to be a source of matrix-derived ions).
These results indicate a good interaction between the fibres and the mainly hydrophilic caseinate matrix.
As such, this material has good potential for use in composite applications where a moderate to high temperature free radical cured polymer matrix is needed.

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What are the potential applications of eco-composites in industries that require high mechanical strength and durability?
5 answers
Eco-composites offer promising applications in industries requiring high mechanical strength and durability. Research on natural fiber composites like jute and sisal bonded with epoxy resin has shown enhanced mechanical properties, with the interlock position exhibiting higher tensile, impact, and flexural strength compared to random distribution. Similarly, green composites reinforced with recycled polyethylene waste have demonstrated excellent mechanical properties suitable for Mechanical and Civil Engineering applications, with SEM images confirming effective bonding and ligament bridging. Additionally, banana fiber natural hybrid composites, when reinforced with silica filler, displayed improved mechanical properties like tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength, making them suitable for automotive applications. These findings collectively highlight the potential of eco-composites in industries requiring robust mechanical strength and durability.
What is the electrical conductivity of carbon fibre?
5 answers
The electrical conductivity of carbon fiber varies based on different factors such as modifications, composite structures, and content. Studies show that incorporating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in polymer composites can significantly enhance electrical conductivity, with the highest conductivity achieved at 2.37 S/m with specific CNF characteristics. Additionally, functionalizing carbon fibers with vertical graphene (VG) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) in carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) can increase electrical conductivity by up to 38 times through innovative hybrid methods. Conversely, the addition of carbon microfibers (uCF) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) in carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites can either decrease or increase electrical conductivity based on the content and type of modification. Overall, the electrical conductivity of carbon fiber can be tailored through strategic modifications to meet specific application requirements.
What is the relationship between nano surface roughness and adhesion?
5 answers
Nano surface roughness plays a crucial role in adhesion phenomena across various fields. Studies have shown that reducing the surface roughness of materials such as NiTi wires to nano-levels significantly decreases bacterial adhesion by over 70% to 83.48%. Conversely, the extent of bacterial fouling on hydrophobic surfaces can vary up to 75-fold with changes in surface roughness, with increased roughness enhancing adhesion on certain surfaces. Furthermore, nanoparticle roughness affects suspension stability, where small changes in roughness can significantly impact the phase behavior of suspensions, influencing adhesion forces and gel formation. Additionally, the adhesion hysteresis of Cu thin films is influenced by surface roughness, with smoother surfaces exhibiting more pronounced adhesion hysteresis. These findings collectively highlight the intricate relationship between nano surface roughness and adhesion in various material systems.
What is the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni2O4/RGO composites?
5 answers
The microstructure plays a crucial role in determining the mechanical properties of NiAl2O4/RGO, Fe3O4+Ni, graphene/Ni, Ni–Co–ZrO2, and AgSnO2NiO composites. In the NiAl2O4/RGO composite, a bimodal microstructure with fine and coarse grains enhances strength and ductility. Similarly, in the graphene/Ni composite, a proper dispersion of graphene leads to improved tensile strength and plastic elongation. The Fe3O4+Ni composite exhibits enhanced mechanical properties with increasing weight percentages of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. In the Ni–Co–ZrO2 composite, the microhardness varies with the quantity of ZrO2 nanoparticles, affecting the mechanical properties. Additionally, the AgSnO2NiO composite's mechanical properties improve with the introduction of NiO particles, enhancing tensile strength and elongation. Overall, a well-controlled microstructure positively impacts the mechanical behavior of these composites.
Can different types of concrete have varying effects on the structural integrity and longevity of a building?
5 answers
Different types of concrete can indeed have varying effects on the structural integrity and longevity of a building. The choice of cement type significantly influences the carbonation rate of concrete mixtures, impacting their durability and service life. High-strength concrete (HSC) offers advantages like increased strength, reduced section sizes, and improved resistance to various factors, making it suitable for columns in building construction. Fatigue response under cyclic loading affects the performance and maintenance requirements of concrete structures, with high-strength concrete showing different fatigue life and failure characteristics compared to conventional concrete. Repair materials like epoxy, impregnant, and epoxy/impregnant play crucial roles in addressing concrete cracks caused by various deterioration phenomena, enhancing the safe operating life of structures. Geopolymer concrete exhibits elevated structural capabilities and load-bearing characteristics, suggesting its potential as a reliable alternative to Portland Cement in construction.
How does the use of DEHP enhance the mechanical properties of polymers?
5 answers
The use of di(2-ethyl hexyl)phthalate (DEHP) as a plasticizer can have varying effects on the mechanical properties of polymers. Research indicates that DEHP, when added to PVC/PMMA blends, can lead to a decrease in stress at break and Young modulus, affecting the tensile behavior and hardness. On the other hand, studies have shown that post-processing heat treatment, like heat treating 3D printed PETG parts, can significantly enhance mechanical properties such as tensile and compressive strength, reducing the performance gap between 3D printing and injection molding. Additionally, the incorporation of sorbitol-derivatives into isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) through cryomilling has been found to improve tensile strength by reducing the average spherulite size of the polymer, enhancing its mechanical properties.
What is the range of nanoparticles as reinforcment in composites?
4 answers
Nanoparticles used as reinforcement in composites typically have dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm. These nanoparticles exhibit unique structural, mechanical, catalytic, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties that differ significantly from bulk materials. Various types of nanoparticles, such as metals like aluminum oxide and carbon-based materials like carbon nanotubes and nanodiamonds, are commonly employed to enhance the physical and chemical characteristics of composites. The addition of nanoparticles, such as CNFs and other materials, has been shown to significantly improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of composites, with enhancements ranging up to 50% and 40%, respectively. Therefore, nanoparticles within the 1-100 nm range play a crucial role in enhancing the mechanical properties of composite materials.
Why is a tailor cone positive in electrospinning?
4 answers
The polarity of the Taylor cone in electrospinning can be positive due to the charges formed at the liquid jet-air interface during the process, influenced by the applied voltage polarity. The formation of the Taylor cone, a crucial step in electrospinning, involves the interaction of electric forces at the interface, leading to the creation of symmetric vortices that increase solution velocity and can result in beaded nanofibers. Additionally, the use of a conical spinneret electrode has been shown to impact the generation of nanofibers, with the conical feeder demonstrating compact nanofiber mat deposition and high fiber density, contributing to the positive characteristics of the Taylor cone in electrospinning.
What is the influence of micro-pin fins on flow boiling heat transfer?
5 answers
Micro-pin fins play a crucial role in enhancing flow boiling heat transfer by promoting efficient heat dissipation and fluid flow. Studies have shown that micro pin fins with different heights and configurations significantly impact heat transfer performance. The use of micro pin fins increases convective area, induces secondary fluid flow, and promotes vortex production, leading to improved heat transfer efficiency compared to conventional microchannels. Additionally, the design parameters of micro pin fins, such as cross-sectional shape, arrangement, and density, play a vital role in optimizing heat transfer performance. Furthermore, the incorporation of fractal treelike hydrophilic networks on micro-pin-finned surfaces enhances critical heat flux (CHF) and reduces superheat, showcasing the potential for further advancements in flow boiling heat transfer.
What is intrinsic and extrinsic self-healing mechanisms?
5 answers
In the realm of self-healing materials, intrinsic mechanisms involve the use of dynamic covalent and noncovalent bonds within the material itself, allowing for autonomous healing processes. On the other hand, extrinsic mechanisms rely on external healing agents or triggers to initiate the repair process, such as microcapsules or vascular networks. Intrinsic self-healing systems typically exhibit a trade-off between healing rate and mechanical properties, with a focus on combining different types of dynamic bonds for enhanced toughness and rapid healing. Extrinsic approaches, like those involving mechanical stress, temperature changes, or chemical modifications, aim to mimic natural healing processes by responding to specific stimuli to repair damage in various applications, from coatings to electronic devices.
What are fibre-reinforced plastics and giving examples?
4 answers
Fibre-reinforced plastics (FRPs) are composite materials consisting of fibres such as carbon, glass, aramid, and others embedded in a polymer matrix. These materials offer superior properties like high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and durability, which cannot be achieved by either component alone. Commonly used thermosetting resin matrices for FRPs include unsaturated polyester, vinylester, and epoxy. FRPs are utilized in various industries such as aerospace, automotive, infrastructure, and sports equipment due to their exceptional characteristics. Additionally, FRPs can be manufactured using recycled materials from cutting scrap composite layers, showcasing sustainability in their production. Examples of FRPs include combat helmet shells made from composite materials like Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibres.