Is penicillin effective against tuberculosis?
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| Overall, it is suggested that the effective control of tuberculosis can be achieved through a combination of chemical interventions, conservative therapy (rest, good nutrition, ventilation, etc.) | |
| Of the drugs effective against actively replicating M. tuberculosis, co-trimoxazole seems to be the most promising, because of its consistent pharmacokinetic profile, easy penetration into tissue and safety profile. | |
29 Citations | Short course chemotherapy appears to be quite effective in patients of genital tract tuberculosis. |
13 Citations | At sublethal concentrations, HAMLET potentiated a remarkably broad array of TB drugs and antibiotics against M. tuberculosis. |
27 Citations | Penicillin-avibactam should be examined for effect in pregnant women and infants with drug-resistant tuberculosis, to replace injectable ototoxic and teratogenic second-line drugs. |
38 Citations | These studies support the potential value of penicillin/clavulanic acid and penicillin/BRL 42715 combinations in the treatment of tuberculosis. |
36 Citations | Summary and Using appropriate experimental conditions, a virulent human strain of M. tuberculosis has been found to undergo partial lysis in the presence of high concentrations of penicillin. |
Related Questions
What are the current strategies for combating penicillin-resistant infections, and how effective are these approaches in clinical practice?5 answersCurrent strategies for combating penicillin-resistant infections include the use of antimicrobial materials and drug delivery systems, the development of novel antibiotics, and the exploration of alternative treatments such as bacteriophages, nanomaterials, vaccines, and antibody therapies. These approaches aim to reduce resistance, improve the efficacy of existing antibiotics, and provide alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Clinical and preclinical studies have shown promising results, with some anti-resistant products expected to become commercially available in the near future. However, it is important to acknowledge that there are challenges to overcome, such as limited effectiveness in vivo, potential cytotoxicity, and the propensity to elicit resistance in targeted biofilm-forming microbes. Further research and development are needed to enhance the efficacy and specificity of these strategies in clinical practice.
What are the structural characteristics of penicillins?5 answersPenicillins are a family of antibacterial agents with a common structural feature of an azetidin-2-one ring fused to a five-membered ring. The electron structure of full β-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin-G, amoxicillin, ampicillin, dicloxacillin, and carbenicillin, has been studied to determine their electronic properties and the influence of substituents attached to the aminoacyl side-chain. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations have provided insights into the conformational properties of benzylpenicillin, including the favored conformer and the effects of substituents. Mass spectrometry studies have revealed the behavior of penicillins under electrospray conditions, with negative ions being produced and a fragmentation pathway related to the β-lactam ring observed. The chemical structure of penicillin was determined during the 1940s, and a basic structural proof for the penicillin molecule has been provided, emphasizing the chemical work and the accepted β-lactam structure.
What is the relationship between penicillin and hypersensitivity reactions?5 answersPenicillin can cause hypersensitivity reactions, which are immune-mediated adverse reactions to the drug. These reactions can manifest as cutaneous eruptions, liver injury, or other forms of inflammation. IgE-mediated reactions, where penicillin forms neoantigens that stimulate an immune response, are well studied. However, hypersensitivity reactions can also occur in an IgE-independent manner, involving T cell infiltration at the site of inflammation. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin can occur, but penicillin-specific IgE is not always detected in these cases. The frequency of hypersensitivity reactions in patients labeled as penicillin allergic is low, suggesting that avoiding cefazolin, a first-line surgical antibiotic, in these patients may not be necessary. Allergy testing for penicillin hypersensitivity involves patient history, serological IgE determinations, and skin and provocation testing. The overall predictive value of combined in vitro and in vivo allergy testing for β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillin, is approximately 90%.
How penicilin inhibit bacteria grwoth?5 answersPenicillin inhibits bacterial growth by targeting and inactivating enzymes responsible for cell-wall synthesis in gram-positive bacteria. It undergoes a self-activating physiological pH-dependent process, changing its geometry to activate its reactive acylation. This process is facilitated by intramolecular energy management and cooperative vibrations. The inhibition of cell wall synthesis by penicillin interferes with the growth and multiplication of bacteria. The antibiotic is most effective when rapid multiplication takes place. Penicillin's effect on cell wall synthesis is believed to be the main mechanism of action, although the exact mechanism is still not fully understood. Additionally, penicillin has been shown to inhibit the utilization of glucose and other growth substrates in bacteria by affecting the cytoplasmic membrane and inhibiting the transport of certain substrates across the membrane.
Improvement titer historical penicillin?5 answersImprovements in the titer of historical penicillin have been achieved through various methods. For example, in the study by Tkacz et al., a liquid fermentation medium for Zalerion arboricola was developed, resulting in a 4-fold increase in the yield of pneumocandin A0. In another study by Campos et al., the gene dosage of the penicillin biosynthetic cluster in Penicillium chrysogenum was increased, leading to a significant increase in penicillin production in both submerged and solid-state fermentation. Additionally, in the study by Shi et al., medium and fermentation optimization techniques were employed to improve the titer of platensimycin (PTM) produced by Streptomyces platensis, resulting in a titer of 1560 mg/L PTM. These findings demonstrate the potential for titer improvement in historical penicillin through various approaches, including medium optimization, gene dosage manipulation, and fermentation optimization.
Is penicillin used for the treatment of tuberculosis?6 answers