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Is RNA genome alone still infectious? 

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We demonstrated that the naked genome RNAs are slightly infectious, if the inoculation is done at very high concentrations, or if it is preceded by an additional inoculation with the RNAs 1 and 2 (encoding subunits for the viral RNA polymerase).
Our results with West Nile, Dengue, and La Crosse viruses demonstrate that DNA forms of the viral RNA genome are generated in mosquito cells; however, not the entire viral genome, but patches of viral RNA in DNA forms can be detected 24h post infection.
RNA viruses may be particularly capable of contributing to the increasing biomedical problem of infectious disease emergence.
In addition, we show that the 5′ nontranslated region of the genome most likely does not contain cis-acting RNA structures required for RNA packaging into infectious virions.
These findings suggest that RNA viruses may utilize oxidative stress induced during infection to help temporally control genome RNA capping and genome replication.
RNA 2 is therefore neither a subgenomic nor a, satellite RNA, but rather an essential part of the viral genome.
We conclude that the genetic content of nonenveloped RNA viruses is variable, not just by genome mutation, but also in the diversity of RNA transcripts that are packaged.
It is demonstrated that positive-strand RNA virus genome strategies are not necessarily monophyletic characters and could, in some cases, evolve convergently.
Further, we concluded and supported experimentally that the viral RNA is subjected to cytosolic degradation strongly limiting the probability of a successful genome import into the nucleus.
Also, unlike DNA‐based vaccines, there is little danger of incorporation of RNA sequences into the host genome.

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