scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Answers from top 19 papers

More filters
Papers (19)Insight
The proposed model improves the accuracy of the COST 231 model [8] and valid for GSM 900, GSM 1800 and CDMA 2100.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
D.M. Grieco, D.L. Schilling 
08 Jun 1994
109 Citations
Capacity calculations show that the B-CDMA overlay can approximately quadruple the nominal capacity of GSM, which is 16 channels per sector, by providing an additional 51 voice channels at 16 kbps each.
This feature is a new enhancement in the 3G of cellular CDMA standards.
An enhanced version of DS-code division multiple access (CDMA), called CDMA-IC, is proposed, which dramatically improves capacity.
The analysis of bit error rate (BER) performance suggests, OFDM is clearly better than CDMA.
The proposed CS-CDMA system inherits all the advantages of the traditional CS-CDMA system, and all three drawbacks are overcome.
Open accessProceedings ArticleDOI
Syed A. Jafar, Andrea Goldsmith 
24 Sep 2000
44 Citations
Our results are general enough to apply to several multirate CDMA schemes: multi-code, multi-processing gain, multirate modulation or hybrids of these.
The main result derived here is that the proposed CDMA-based protocol efficiently handles both voice and data traffic.
Furthermore, F/T/CDMA allows backward compatibility with GSM.
JD-CDMA allows one to overcome the drawbacks of conventional CDMA mobile radio systems.
Simulation results show that our scheme is flexible and efficient for managing radio resources in mobile multimedia DS-CDMA environments.
Simulation results indicate that the relation between mobiles' power and cell traffic load is an important aspect of CDMA system capacity.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
G.V.S. Raju, J. Charoensakwiroj 
17 Nov 2003
18 Citations
Multi-Code CDMA (MC-CDMA) is a technique that provides variable rate services with different quality requirements by assigning multiple codes (on demand) and thus increasing capacity to users.
However, relatively simple notch filters in the CDMA transmitter and receiver can increase the overall spectral efficiency by a factor of 3.32 for a 1 dB deterioration in baseline GSM CIR.
The architecture has several advantages as compared to conventional CDMA systems.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
30 Nov 2009
22 Citations
The analysis reveals some advantages of IDMA over DS-CDMA, particularly in highly user loaded scenarios.
The results show that very significant capacity improvements are possible by using these criteria compared with conventional CDMA with hard or soft handoff.

See what other people are reading

How efficient is a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Module in terms of functionality?
5 answers
The Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) module proves to be highly efficient in various applications. In the context of energy control systems, GSM modules enable remote access to energy meters, facilitating automatic meter reading and billing processes efficiently. Additionally, in the development of cross-platform mobile applications, the use of GSM technology, specifically Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile (KMM), optimizes software development processes by sharing code between Android and iOS platforms, enhancing efficiency without compromising performance. Moreover, GSM modules are utilized in smart electric meter readers to wirelessly transmit meter readings, improving accuracy and accountability in electricity consumption measurements. Overall, the GSM module's functionality in different systems showcases its effectiveness in enhancing remote communication, data transmission, and automation processes.
What does arduino have to do with IOT?
5 answers
Arduino plays a significant role in the Internet of Things (IoT) by enabling the development of innovative systems for environmental monitoring, air pollution detection, and alcohol detection. Arduino-based IoT systems utilize low-cost microcontrollers, sensors, and wireless communication modules to collect real-time data. These systems can monitor various environmental factors like temperature, humidity, air quality, and alcohol levels. Arduino's open-source nature encourages community-driven development, customization, and collaboration in creating IoT solutions. However, the widespread use of Arduino in IoT projects raises security concerns due to the lack of deep knowledge in ICT security among hobbyist programmers. Overall, Arduino serves as a versatile platform for implementing IoT applications in diverse fields, ranging from environmental monitoring to road safety enhancement.
What devices can be used with aurdino?
4 answers
Arduino can be effectively utilized with various devices for different applications. Some devices that can be used with Arduino include power electronic components for inverter systems, robotic arms controlled by sensors and Zigbee modules for bomb disposal operations, ultrasonic sensors, servo motors, and electromagnetic locks for smart hand sanitizer dispensers, soil sensors, GSM modules, and LM35 sensors for greenhouse automation systems, and energy meters for automatic remote meter reading applications. These devices enable a wide range of functionalities such as power conversion, robotic control, security enhancement, environmental monitoring, and remote data collection, showcasing the versatility and adaptability of Arduino in diverse technological implementations.
What are the specific factors that contribute to limited or congested cellular infrastructure in densely populated areas?
4 answers
Limited or congested cellular infrastructure in densely populated areas can be attributed to various factors. One key factor is the challenge of efficient frequency spectrum allocation in densely-populated regions, where the growing number of subscribers necessitates effective planning. Additionally, the financial market's demand for higher returns can lead to reduced investments in infrastructure, impacting the quality of mobile telecommunications networks in such areas. Moreover, in dense urban networks, high usage levels can cause congestion, making LTE services difficult to use, even within coverage areas, highlighting the need for effective congestion detection methods. Furthermore, in large open dense areas, the behavior of users sharing data and the high uplink traffic necessitate careful consideration of uplink capacity and control plane dimensioning to avoid interference and mobility management challenges.
How do limitations in cellular infrastructure affect the reliability of connectivity in remote areas?
4 answers
Limitations in cellular infrastructure, such as the lack of civil infrastructure, transmission connectivity, power supply, and high maintenance costs, significantly impact the reliability of connectivity in remote areas. These challenges result in low digital penetration and hinder the growth of communication facilities in rural and remote regions. Addressing these issues requires innovative approaches like deploying green energy-powered Base Stations (BSs) with computing capabilities and sharing resources between mobile network operators to enable energy-efficient infrastructure sharing in rural communication sites. Initiatives like the 5G-RANGE project aim to design and implement mobile networks specifically tailored for remote areas, bridging the connectivity gap between urban and rural regions and offering reliable and cost-effective connections in underserved areas. By overcoming these infrastructure limitations, it becomes possible to enhance connectivity and communication services in remote locations.
How do different theories of network power address the paradox of network connection and control?
5 answers
The paradox of network connection and control is addressed by different theories of network power in various ways. One theory focuses on the linear controllability framework for complex networks, revealing that applying control signals based on structural controllability theory may lead to energy divergence, especially with a single driving signal. Another theory introduces the power equation, stating that power lies with those connected to powerless others, which is significant in scenarios like bargaining situations. Additionally, research on network capacity and transmission power shows that optimal network capacity can increase with higher transmission power in certain configurations, but may be limited in uniformly distributed nodes, with interactions between power control, link scheduling, and routing affecting capacity gains.
How do search and rescue operations differ across various disaster scenarios?
5 answers
Search and rescue (SAR) operations vary across different disaster scenarios based on the strategies employed. In disaster situations, the lack of information and communication infrastructure can hinder rescue efforts. Wireless sensor networks can trigger alerts for immediate rescue actions. Agent-based simulations optimize SAR through cooperative plans, increasing survival probabilities and reducing rescue times significantly. Coordination mechanisms for heterogeneous agents in city-scale disasters improve task completion, with teaming algorithms outperforming independent operations. Electronic information technology has transformed SAR patterns, with central dispatch and independent search methods showing distinct advantages based on real-time information and survivor distribution. Unmanned robotic technologies with cognitive wireless networks enhance SAR missions by facilitating communication and adaptability in dynamic disaster environments.
What are performance metrics of iot based water quality monitoring system?
5 answers
A performance metric of IoT-based water quality monitoring systems is the ability to measure and collect data on various water quality parameters in real-time. These parameters include temperature, pH, turbidity, electric conductivity, air quality, and more. The core controller of the system processes the data collected by sensors. Machine learning algorithms, such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), can be used to forecast the impurity level of the water measured. Additionally, the system can provide automated corrective measures based on the level of water contamination. The system can also monitor the quantity of water being monitored using a water flow sensor. Overall, IoT-based water quality monitoring systems offer real-time monitoring, data collection, and analysis capabilities, as well as the ability to predict and respond to water contamination.
What are the economic implications of enhancing women's safety for businesses and industries that rely on female labor?
5 answers
Enhancing women's safety has economic implications for businesses and industries that rely on female labor. With the increasing number of female employees in various sectors, it is important to address the rising concern of violence and harassment against women. Implementing safety systems specifically designed for women can help create a secure work environment, reducing the risk of crimes and ensuring the well-being of female employees. This can lead to increased productivity and employee satisfaction, as women feel safer and more empowered in their workplaces. Additionally, by prioritizing women's safety, businesses can attract and retain talented female workers, contributing to a diverse and inclusive workforce. However, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of different safety systems and explore more reliable and swift solutions to further improve women's safety in the workplace.
How does women's safety impact economic growth and development?
4 answers
Women's safety has a significant impact on economic growth and development. The increase in violence and assaults against women in public places has posed a threat to their growth and development. As the number of female employees in industries and other areas of the commercial market grows, women are required to work longer hours and travel to far and isolated locations. However, the exponential increase in assaults and violence against women hinders their ability to participate fully in the workforce and contribute to economic growth. Studies have shown that women's employment has a significant positive effect on economic growth. Therefore, ensuring women's safety is crucial for their active participation in the workforce, which in turn contributes to sustainable economic growth and development.
How do automated paging alert systems improve customer service in the IT service industry?
5 answers
Automated paging alert systems improve customer service in the IT service industry by providing real-time notifications to customers regarding the availability of products and services. These systems utilize existing mobile phones or wireless devices to send notification messages to customers. The system can be integrated with point-of-sale hardware and software, allowing customers to be notified through audio announcements or visual displays. By automating the paging process, these systems reduce wait times for customers and enhance their overall experience. Additionally, these systems enable direct communication between customers and service providers, eliminating the need for intermediaries and improving efficiency. Overall, automated paging alert systems streamline customer service processes, enhance communication, and contribute to a more efficient and satisfactory customer experience in the IT service industry.