What are LM's risk factors for developing a urinary tract infection?
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| Being female, a history of urinary tract infection, a history of catheterization and frequent sexual activity were found to be statistically associated with urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infection is a problem among university students with a prevalence of 21.1%. | |
Open access•Journal Article 95 Citations | In those who have comorbid conditions or other predisposing factors, recurrent complicated urinary tract infections represent a risk for ascending infection or urosepsis. |
650 Citations | Among sexually active young women the incidence of symptomatic urinary tract infection is high, and the risk is strongly and independently associated with recent sexual intercourse, recent use of a diaphragm with spermicide, and a history of recurrent urinary tract infections. |
| Risk factors that contribute to lower tract infection in women include sexual intercourse, diaphragm-spermicide use, and voiding behavior. | |
Open access•Journal Article | The chances of urinary tract infection increase in the presence of risk factors. |
25 Citations | Recent sexual activity, the frequency of that activity and the number of sexual partners pose an increased risk of urinary tract infection. |
91 Citations | The risk for urinary tract infections seem to be correlated with the degree of immune compromise and, perhaps, the amount of malnutrition and wasting that are present. |
60 Citations | A simple clinical decision rule previously developed to predict urinary tract infection based on five risk factors performs similarly in a different patient population. |
| Urinary catheterization was found to be the only independent risk factor contributing to symptomatic urinary tract infection. | |
| Urinary tract infection shows the lowest risk, which should be considered in prognostic models of these conditions. |
Related Questions
What causes uti?5 answersUTI is caused by a variety of factors including bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), as well as other organisms like Staphylococci. Risk factors for UTI include immunosuppression, diabetes, abnormal urinary tract anatomy, and the use of urinary catheters and stents. In kidney transplant patients, factors such as excessive immunosuppression, foreign material in the urinary system, and non-functioning native kidneys can contribute to UTI. The incidence of UTI in kidney transplant patients is high, and antimicrobials are commonly used for treatment and prophylaxis. It is important for healthcare professionals involved in kidney transplantation to be aware of UTI and take measures to reduce its rates.
Predisposing factor of urinary tract infection?5 answersThe predisposing factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) include the presence of a foreign body such as a urinary catheter, obstruction or retention of urine flow, and underlying urological abnormalities. Certain uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, such as those with virulence factors, are the most common cause of UTIs. Other species are often implicated only in the presence of an underlying urological abnormality. Risk factors for recurrent uncomplicated UTIs include frequent intercourse, vulvovaginal atrophy, change in local bacterial flora, history of UTIs during premenopause or in childhood, family history, and nonsecretor blood type. Incomplete voiding is a primary risk factor for UTIs associated with conditions such as urinary incontinence and prolapse. Correcting the presence of residual urine is the most effective prophylaxis in these populations. High-risk patients, such as those with neurogenic bladder, may require more aggressive antimicrobial prophylactic strategies. Other risk factors for UTIs include poor hygienic condition of external genitalia, history of recent use of antibiotics, history of catheterization, high frequency of intercourse, history of diabetes mellitus, and dehydration.
What are the virulence factors which can contribute to UTI?5 answersUropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains, which are the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), possess various virulence factors that contribute to the pathogenicity of UTIs. These virulence factors can be classified into two categories: bacterial cell surface virulence factors and bacteria secreted virulence factors. Some of the important virulence factors identified in UPEC strains include adhesins, toxins, iron uptake systems, and outer membrane proteins. Adhesins play a crucial role in the colonization process inside the urinary tract, while toxins such as α-hemolysin, cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF-1), and vacuolating autotransporter toxin (VAT) contribute to the modulation of inflammatory responses and host signaling pathways. Additionally, UPEC strains produce various types of siderophores and siderophore receptors to facilitate the uptake and transport of iron, which is essential for their growth and survival within the host. These virulence factors collectively enable UPEC strains to persist and cause UTIs.
What causes the growth of bacteria in urine?5 answersThe growth of bacteria in urine can be influenced by various factors. One study found that urine as an environment in vivo affected both the growth and gene expression in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Another study showed that variations in nutrient content in urine samples can affect bacterial growth, and that pooled urine may not accurately represent individual urine samples. In trauma patients, urine composition modifications such as increased glycosuria, urine iron concentration, and amino acid concentrations were found to facilitate the growth of E. coli in urine. Additionally, the intake of antibiotics by patients can lead to the presence of bacterial growth inhibitors in urine, which can affect the interpretation of urine culture results. Overall, the growth of bacteria in urine can be influenced by the host environment, nutrient content, and the presence of inhibitors or modifications in urine composition.
What are the risk factors for developing renal stones?5 answersThe risk factors for developing renal stones include obesity, insulin resistance, gastrointestinal pathology, living in warmer climates, certain dietary patterns, medications, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, and family history. Other factors such as older age, gender (with men being more affected), renal and ureteral anatomical abnormalities, previous stones, and various drugs also increase the risk. Additionally, factors like hyperthyroidism, gout, chronic kidney disease, smoking, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are associated with an increased risk of kidney stone formation. It is important to identify these risk factors in order to prevent and manage renal stone disease effectively. Lifestyle modifications, such as increasing fluid intake and dietary interventions, can help reduce the risk of recurrence.
What are the risk factors for developing a urinary tract infection?5 answersUrinary tract infections (UTIs) can be caused by various risk factors. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as urolithiasis, benign prostrate hypertrophy, catheterization, pregnancy, and other conditions like tumors in the kidney, non-functional kidney, kinking of uterus, kidney transplant, myxoedema, and diabetes can increase the chances of developing a UTI. In old age, factors such as reduced T lymphocyte regulation, decreased B lymphocyte antibody synthesis, impaired killer T cell function, slowed neutrophil chemotaxis, multiple pathology, poor nutrition, low estrogen levels, and faecal stasis can contribute to UTIs. In young women, sexual intercourse and the use of spermicidal contraceptives are important risk factors. Other determinants of UTI risk include anatomic and physiologic factors, genetic factors, antibiotic exposure, functional status, receptive anal intercourse, and HIV infection. Personal habits, sexual habits, altered immune status, presence of diabetes, lack of estrogen, and use of spermicides are also contributing factors.