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What are the long term effects of racism on people?

Psychological trauma

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The long-term effects of racism on people include significant mental health impacts such as depression, anxiety, impaired self-esteem, and trauma . Racism has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, behavior problems, delinquent behaviors, and negative health-related behaviors such as alcohol and drug use . It can also lead to weight-related outcomes, elevated body mass index, and obesity . Racism is considered a chronic stressor that triggers biological mechanisms, leading to prolonged exposure to stress hormones and oxidative stress at the cellular level . The impact of racism on mental health is particularly significant for African Americans, but it affects all racial and minority groups in similar yet distinct ways . The long-term traumatic effects of racism on mental health highlight the need for concrete recommendations and interventions to support the well-being of individuals affected by racism .

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Journal Article•DOI The Long-Term Effects of New Evidence on Implicit Impressions of Other People: Jeremy Cone, Kathryn Flaharty, Melissa J. Ferguson - Show less +2 more 11 Jan 2021-Psychological Science 15 Citations	The provided paper does not specifically discuss the long-term effects of racism on people. The paper focuses on the difficulty of updating implicit impressions in light of new information.
Journal Article•DOI Application of the Kindling Hypothesis to the Long-Term Effects of Racism Raymond J. Waller 01 Mar 2003-Social Work in Mental Health 12 Citations	The paper does not provide specific information about the long-term effects of racism on people. It focuses on the application of the kindling hypothesis to the impact of racism over time in the lives of black Americans.
Journal Article•DOI Envisioning an Inclusive, Antiracist Society: How Do We Raise America's Children as the Next Generation of Antiracists? Irene M. Loe 01 Aug 2020-Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 5 Citations	The paper does not specifically mention the long-term effects of racism on people.

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