What is the human rights based approach?5 answersA human rights-based approach is a framework for evaluating program outcomes using United Nations human rights treaties as a normative framework. It involves using human rights perspectives and evaluation designs to assess program activities and ensure they align with internationally agreed-upon human rights norms. This approach can also be applied to designing and assessing participatory processes, organizing them around human rights principles that provide guidance on participation. Additionally, the doctrine of universal human rights can serve as a grounding framework for explicit value alignment in responsible AI, orienting research towards humans and the risks to their rights. Overall, a human rights-based approach emphasizes the importance of promoting and protecting human rights in various contexts, including program evaluation, participatory processes, and AI interventions.
What are the key differences between human security and other approaches to security?5 answersHuman security differs from other approaches to security in several key ways. Firstly, human security takes a bottom-up approach, focusing on the security practices and needs of individuals and communities, rather than the state-centered and military strategies of traditional security approaches. Secondly, human security expands the concept of security to include a wide range of dimensions, such as food, health, community, environmental, economic, and personal and political security. This broader understanding recognizes that security is not limited to protecting the state, but also encompasses the well-being and rights of individuals. Additionally, human security emphasizes the interconnectedness of different security issues, recognizing that threats to one aspect of security can impact others. Finally, human security incorporates the concept of intersectionality, recognizing that security experiences and needs vary across different groups and contexts.
Where is human-centered approach usually used?5 answersA human-centered approach is usually used in various fields such as computational puzzle games, interactive machine learning (IML), solid-state lighting technologies, one-shot gesture recognition, and human-centered AI (HCAI) in data science. In computational puzzle games, the aim is to build a help system that reflects and supports the solving process employed by human players. In IML, the focus is on incorporating human factors and values to ensure fairness, accountability, and transparency in decision-making systems. Solid-state lighting technologies aim to redefine good light as human-friendly, in addition to being energy-saving and high-quality. One-shot gesture recognition involves understanding the mechanisms used by humans to perceive and execute gestures, and incorporating context information for better recognition. In HCAI for data science, the goal is to design AI techniques that support human tasks while considering human needs and preserving human control.
What are the main tenets of humanist theories?5 answersHumanist theories emphasize the personal worth and dignity of all people, and view human beings as continuing to develop throughout their entire lives. Humanists hold an optimistic perspective on human nature and focus on individual freedom, values, personal responsibility, autonomy, purpose, and meaning. Humanism is a philosophy that believes the human is irreducible to other forms of life and cannot be understood except in its own terms. Humanism offers a secular ethic grounded in human values and the human experience, rejecting absolute authorities and promoting free inquiry. The purpose of life, according to Humanists, is determined by each individual.
What are the main tenets of R. C. Buys's humanistic psychology?4 answersR. C. Buys's humanistic psychology emphasizes individuals' inherent drive toward self-actualization and personal development throughout life for everyone. It is a response to the limitations of psychoanalytic theory and behaviorism, and it moves away from a medical model to a democratic and holistic approach. Buys's humanistic psychology is part of a worldwide surge of interest in what human beings could be and could become, which started in the 1940s and reached its full flowering in the 1970s. The main tenets of humanistic psychology include fostering communication, creativity, and personal development, and expressing one's own capabilities and creativity. It is a positive and life-affirming approach, although there are criticisms aimed at alleged deficiencies in the work of other psychologists.
What are the main tenets of the Humanistic Analysis Theory?5 answersThe main tenets of the Humanistic Analysis Theory include the belief that research should focus on understanding people as self-directing agents who can act purposefully and meaningfully. Humanistic psychology also emphasizes the importance of phenomenology and self-determinism, although these concepts have been criticized for being conceptually incoherent. Additionally, Humanistic Psychology is associated with a higher level of thought that goes beyond everyday thinking and is labeled as "dialectical logic" or "second-tier thought". The evolution of psychology is seen as a philosophical issue, and existential-humanistic philosophy is proposed as the leading candidate for the future of the field, as it aims to transform professional psychology from a narrow and mechanical perspective to a broader and awe-based approach. Finally, humanistic psychology challenges the role of rationality and its contribution to dichotomous and essentialist views of femininity and masculinity, suggesting that a more sociopolitical grounding of identity and experience is needed.