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What celebrity has had a kidney transplant? 

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One patient has received a successful renal transplant.
Modern immunosuppression could have contributed to the improved kidney transplant outcome.
This unique case is the first report of a successful kidney transplant without immunosuppression after HSCT from the same haploidentical donor.
Most renal transplant candidates would accept a DIRVI kidney under some circumstances.
A kidney transplant may partially correct the metabolic dysfunctions.
We think that a kidney transplant could be a good therapeutic choice for the metabolic alterations in MMA with end stage renal disease.
Attempts at donor recruitment by kidney transplant candidates are common.
This breakthrough in our country was the first in our unrelated living-donor kidney transplant program.
As a challenging surgery, it should be performed by experienced kidney transplant surgeons.
Late kidney transplant dysfunction may be a harbinger of graft failure.

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What was the 2018 Heart allocation policy regarding heart kidney transplantation?
5 answers
The 2018 United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) heart transplant policy change aimed to enhance waitlist risk stratification and promote broader sharing of donor organs for high-acuity patients awaiting heart transplantation. This policy change had varying impacts on heart-kidney transplantation outcomes. Post-policy heart-kidney recipients experienced worse 1-year survival compared to pre-policy recipients, with no added benefit observed for heart-kidney candidates compared to heart-only candidates. The new policy led to longer ischemic times for heart and kidney grafts, increased travel distances, and worse overall survival and freedom from graft failure in heart-kidney transplant recipients. Additionally, the policy change resulted in more uniform access to heart transplantation and improved waitlist outcomes by promoting broader geographic sharing of donor hearts.
Can Heart Allografts Protect Simultaneous Kidney Allografts from Antibody Injury?
5 answers
Heart allografts may have a protective effect on simultaneous kidney allografts from antibody injury. Studies suggest that heart/kidney combined transplants can lead to a decrease in donor-specific antibodies (DSA) post-transplant, indicating a potential modulation of the antibody response by the heart/kidney transplant. Additionally, successful simultaneous heart-kidney transplants across positive complement-dependent cytotoxic (CDC) crossmatches have been reported, showcasing stable graft function without evidence of antibody-mediated rejection. Furthermore, in cases of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), changes in endothelial cells' phenotype and immune response modulation have been observed, potentially contributing to resistance against antibody toxicity. These findings highlight the promising role of heart allografts in protecting simultaneous kidney allografts from antibody injury.
What is the effect of low protein diet on kidneys?
4 answers
A low-protein diet plays a crucial role in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) by slowing down kidney function deterioration and controlling metabolic variables like serum phosphate and urea. Studies have shown that implementing a low-protein diet can lead to a decrease in protein intake, body weight, BMI, fat mass, serum phosphate, and urea levels, while increasing free-fat mass percentage. Additionally, a very low-protein diet supplemented with essential amino acids has been found to effectively delay the progression of CKD and postpone the need for dialysis treatment. Furthermore, evidence suggests that a plant-dominant low-protein diet may offer benefits in managing CKD by alleviating uremic burden, controlling metabolic complications, and potentially reducing cardiovascular risk. Overall, a well-monitored low-protein diet can help in mitigating the progression of CKD and improving metabolic outcomes in affected individuals.
How does mitophagy contributes to hypertension, proteinuria, hematuria in glomerulonephritis?
5 answers
Mitophagy plays a crucial role in renal pathophysiology, including conditions like hypertension and glomerulonephritis. Mitophagy is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis by selectively removing dysfunctional mitochondria. In hypertensive renal injury, mitochondrial alterations have been linked to the development and progression of hypertension and its complications, indicating a potential role of mitophagy in this context. Moreover, in glomerulonephritis, mitophagy-related genes such as MFN1, ULK1, and PARK2 have been identified as potential biomarkers, with ULK1 specifically influencing the development of diabetic nephropathy by regulating mitophagy. Therefore, targeting mitophagy may offer a promising therapeutic approach for renal conditions like proteinuria and hematuria in glomerulonephritis, by maintaining mitochondrial quality control and cellular survival.
How do oral anticoagulants affect liver enzymes?
5 answers
Oral anticoagulants, such as vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) like warfarin, phenprocoumon, and acenocoumarol, can impact liver enzymes. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can occur with various medications, including anticoagulants, affecting liver function. New oral anticoagulants (NOACs) like rivaroxaban and dabigatran have been associated with hepatotoxicity, with reports of liver injury in clinical studies and pharmacovigilance databases. In the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the use of apixaban has been studied, showing that CKD can influence drug metabolism in the liver, potentially altering the expression of drug metabolism genes. Therefore, oral anticoagulants can have varying effects on liver enzymes, highlighting the importance of monitoring liver function when using these medications.
Is ckd a contraindication for heart transplantation?
5 answers
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not an absolute contraindication for heart transplantation. The 2016 International Society for Heart Lung Transplantation guidelines suggest that severe chronic renal dysfunction (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) can be considered a relative contraindication for heart transplantation alone. However, patients with advanced heart failure and concomitant CKD may benefit from combined heart-kidney transplantation (HKT) to improve overall survival and reduce the risk of heart allograft rejection. CKD, especially at stage ≥4 pre-heart transplantation, is associated with an increased risk of post-transplant malignancies, emphasizing the need for strategies to mitigate this risk. Therefore, while CKD poses challenges and considerations in heart transplantation, it is not an absolute barrier to the procedure.
How accurate is BIA in diagnosing fluid overload compared to traditional methods?
5 answers
Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) has shown promising accuracy in diagnosing fluid overload compared to traditional methods. Studies have demonstrated that BIA can effectively assess fluid status. BIA provides valuable insights into fluid distribution, hydration status, and changes in extracellular water, correlating well with cumulative fluid balance and weight alterations. While BIA-guided fluid management improved fluid overload status significantly, it did not show a significant impact on short-term outcomes like mortality rates in peritoneal dialysis patients. Additionally, BIA has been identified as an independent prognostic factor for mortality in ICU patients, with higher fluid overload percentages associated with increased mortality rates. Overall, BIA emerges as a valuable tool for accurate fluid overload assessment, offering potential benefits in clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
Does a high intake of animal protein increase the risk of renal calculus?
4 answers
A high intake of animal protein can indeed increase the risk of renal calculus formation. Research suggests that diets rich in animal proteins lead to an increase in urinary calcium excretion, which is a key risk factor for nephrolithiasis. Animal proteins can also contribute to a decrease in urinary citrate excretion, further elevating the lithogenic risk. Additionally, high protein intake can result in low-grade metabolic acidosis, impacting renal calcium handling and potentially leading to negative calcium balance and hyperfunction of the parathyroid gland. Therefore, individuals consuming high amounts of animal protein may be at a higher risk of developing renal calculi due to these mechanisms.
Effect of low protein diet on normal individual?
4 answers
Low protein diets have varying effects on individuals. Research shows that protein-free and very low protein diets can lead to decreased energy intake and increased energy expenditure, while moderately low protein diets may increase energy intake without altering expenditure. These diets can impact energy balance through mechanisms like enhanced serotonergic and β-adrenergic signaling, affecting thermogenic markers in tissues. Additionally, low protein diets have been linked to changes in body weight, fat mass, and lean mass, with different levels of protein restriction producing divergent outcomes. Furthermore, studies suggest that controlling proteinuria through reduced dietary protein intake can slow renal damage progression and improve outcomes in kidney patients. Overall, the effects of low protein diets on normal individuals can vary based on the specific protein levels and individual responses.
What is the role of vitamines in health and diseases?
5 answers
Vitamins play crucial roles in health promotion and disease prevention. They are essential micronutrients that are involved in cellular metabolism and can modulate gene expression and signal transduction when consumed at appropriate levels. Deficiencies in vitamins can lead to various diseases such as neuropathy, dermatitis, anemia, and more, highlighting their importance in maintaining overall health. Additionally, vitamins have been studied extensively for their potential therapeutic benefits in preventing and treating metabolic diseases like diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Active forms of vitamins have been found to participate in chromatin remodeling, genome stability, and protein modification, underscoring their diverse regulatory and anti-tumor roles in the human body. In conclusion, vitamins are not only essential for basic metabolic functions but also hold promise in disease prevention and treatment.
What is the definition of effect in research?
5 answers
Effect in research refers to the assessment of the risk and magnitude of benefits and harms associated with a specific exposure. It can be measured using absolute (e.g., risk differences, number needed to treat) and relative (e.g., risk ratio, hazard ratio) measures of effect. Additionally, researchers need to consider the direct and indirect effects of their activities on biological structures and environmental conditions during field studies. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, physiologists recognized the influence of emotional experiences on laboratory animals during experiments, highlighting the affective dimension of research. The term "effect" has been widely used in scientific and technological contexts, such as the Doppler effect and the greenhouse effect, to describe various phenomena. Understanding cause and effect relationships is crucial in research, as it helps in identifying antecedent factors and determining the reasons behind observed outcomes.