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The study concludes that there is a clear preference for switching to a four-day working week over other possible work-reduction policies.
We conclude that a considerable part of the day-of-the-week patterns can be explained by a standard “non-random sorting on unobservables” argument rather than “mood fluctuations”.
The conclusion of all the findings is that significant day of the week effect present in DSE.
Abstract Consistent with Connolly's (1989), (1991) evidence, this study finds that sample size and/or error term adjustments render U. S. day-of-the-week effects statistically insignificant.
Findings The findings show that, contrary to the original study, the day-of-the week effect is present in both volatility and return equations.
Robust statistical techniques also show that the Australian day-of-the-week effect is independent of the US day-of-the-week effect.
We find significant evidence that the efficient market hypothesis is day-of-the-week-dependent.
Findings reveal that the day-of-the-week effect is not a dominant phenomenon.
Thus, in the absence of other potential explanations already dismissed by Jaffe and Westerfield (1985), evidence in this study further complicates the international day-of-the-week effect puzzle.
Also, the results suggest that the distinction by business cycle has important implications on the existence of the day-of-the-week effect .

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What differences exist in the content and format of sustainability reports issued by B2B and B2C companies?
5 answers
Sustainability reports from B2B and B2C companies exhibit variations in content and format. B2B companies tend to focus more on energy, materials, and consumer staples sectors in their reporting of water issues, showcasing a broader coverage compared to B2C companies. On the other hand, B2C companies often emphasize topics like education and human rights in their sustainability reports, reflecting a different set of priorities compared to B2B companies. These differences highlight how the industrial sector and subject of disclosure influence the narratives used in sustainability reporting, showcasing distinct approaches taken by B2B and B2C companies to address sustainability challenges and stakeholder expectations.
What is the relationship of volatile solids to the total manure excreted by for goats??
5 answers
The relationship of volatile solids (VS) to the total manure excreted by goats is crucial for understanding the potential for biogas production. Research indicates that the VS content in manure can vary based on factors such as age categories and diet compositions of the goats. Specifically, goats fed with certain diets, like 40% forage and 20% concentrated feed, have shown a reduction in VS content by 45%. Additionally, the separation of dairy cattle manure into solid and liquid fractions has revealed that the solid fraction retains a significant portion of the total VS present in the original manure. Understanding and managing the VS content in goat manure is essential for optimizing biogas production and nutrient management strategies.
How many urban green infrastructure effect building heating energy.?
5 answers
Urban green infrastructure, such as green walls, green roofs, and trees, can significantly impact building heating energy demand. Research indicates that green walls can reduce heating building energy demand by up to 16.5%. Additionally, green roofs and green walls contribute to reducing heat loss in buildings during winter, leading to decreased energy needs throughout the year. Studies have shown that larger green sites induce a stronger cooling effect, with park cool island effects ranging between 1.5°C to 3.5°C, regardless of climatic region. Overall, urban green infrastructure plays a crucial role in mitigating urban heat islands and enhancing human comfort by reducing building heating energy demand through various mechanisms like shading, evaporative cooling, and insulative properties.
How does the underwriting process during an IPO impact the subsequent stock performance?
5 answers
The underwriting process during an Initial Public Offering (IPO) significantly influences subsequent stock performance. Factors such as total underwriting effort, underwriter reputation, and underwriter ability to control risks play crucial roles. The total underwriting effort, encompassing efforts by underwriters and other involved parties, impacts post-IPO performance, with IPO issuer satisfaction mediating this relationship. Underwriter reputation affects underpricing and long-run returns of small- and medium-sized enterprise IPOs. Additionally, underwriter ability to control risks is linked to reduced earnings volatility, stock return volatility, and penalties post-IPO. Understanding these dynamics is vital for investors, issuers, and policymakers to make informed decisions regarding IPO investments and regulations.
How does civil statues and green purchase decisions connected?
5 answers
Civil statutes and green purchase decisions are interconnected through the growing emphasis on environmental considerations in public procurement. Governments are increasingly incorporating environmental criteria into their purchasing guidelines, favoring suppliers who exceed pollution standards and abide by environmental frameworks. This shift reflects a broader trend where purchasing decisions, including those related to civil statutes, are being influenced by environmental concerns. Green consumerism has emerged as a response to environmental degradation caused by economic growth, prompting consumers to consider factors like the environmental impact of their purchases and the opportunity cost of being environmentally conscious. Additionally, the concept of "moral" dimensions in consumer decisions, such as buying fair trade products, further highlights the connection between civil statutes and environmentally responsible purchasing behaviors. Green public procurement initiatives, particularly in the construction sector, aim to regulate more sustainable practices by considering environmental performance alongside price and quality, showcasing the integration of civil statutes and green purchase decisions.
How does civil status and green purchase decisions connected?
5 answers
Civil status and green purchase decisions are intertwined through the lens of status motives and mate-relevant signaling. Research suggests that activating status motives can lead individuals to choose green products over luxurious non-green alternatives, as altruism associated with green purchases can serve as a costly signal of status. Furthermore, eco-friendly purchases are perceived to signal greater warmth, competence, and good partner traits, making individuals who opt for green products more suitable for long-term romantic relationships compared to luxury purchasers. This connection highlights how social perceptions and mate selection criteria can influence the preference for green products, showcasing the complex interplay between personal values, societal norms, and environmental consciousness in consumer behavior.
How did Shell become big through acquisition?
5 answers
Shell became significant through acquisitions by utilizing reverse mergers, a process where a public shell company acquires a private operating company, allowing the private company to gain public trading status. This method has been popular among private firms seeking quick financing and acquisition opportunities without the complexities of traditional IPOs. The wealth effect of reverse takeover transactions has shown significant gains for shareholders of shell companies, attributed to the listing status embedded in the corporate shell, which serves as a vehicle for private firms to go public. Additionally, regulatory measures have been proposed to address the abuse of shell companies, emphasizing the importance of understanding the private law foundations that support their success in capitalism.
How did Shell's acquisition strategy evolve over time and what factors influenced these changes?
5 answers
Shell's acquisition strategy has evolved significantly over time. Initially focusing on traditional occupational health services, Shell transitioned towards a more holistic approach with the introduction of the Human Performance and Care (HP&C) strategy, emphasizing psychological and emotional well-being. This shift was influenced by the need to optimize individual and team capabilities amidst uncertainty and stress, leading to improved business outcomes such as increased safety performance and productivity. Furthermore, Shell's strategies in the Niger Delta have transformed from unsustainable community development approaches to a more sustainable model, emphasizing tri-sector partnerships for success. These changes were driven by the recognition of the need for a more comprehensive and collaborative approach to address sustainable development challenges in the region.
What is the relationship between carbon emissions volume and the cost of debt in various industries?
5 answers
The relationship between carbon emissions volume and the cost of debt varies across industries. Studies in the Eurozone, India, Korea, and Canada indicate that higher carbon emissions lead to increased cost of debt for firms. Lenders tend to charge a higher spread for emissions, especially post the Paris Agreement, reflecting a shift towards penalizing polluting sectors more than before. In India, polluting firms face higher costs compared to environmentally friendly ones. Additionally, the impact of emissions on debt financing costs is influenced by factors like export concentration and carbon intensity, further differentiating the relationship across industries. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of carbon risk management and disclosure in mitigating the financial implications of high emissions for firms across various sectors.
How to investigate the independence variables and dependence variables?
5 answers
To investigate the independence of variables, various statistical methods can be employed. One approach involves using the local Gaussian correlation and tests based on this measure, which can help avoid weaknesses associated with the ordinary global correlation. Additionally, the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) can be utilized to test joint independence of functional random variables, with a modified estimator showing good performance in simulation studies. On the other hand, to analyze the dependence of variables, regression modeling techniques can be applied, as demonstrated in a study analyzing the dependence of macroeconomic variables on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) Sensex. These methods provide valuable insights into understanding the relationships between variables in different contexts.
What are the current carbon capture technologies that have minimal land-use requirements?
10 answers
Current carbon capture technologies with minimal land-use requirements include novel low-cost carbon capture technology (NLCCT), direct air capture (DAC), and post-combustion carbon capture using adsorption techniques. NLCCT, which utilizes a cold nitrogen refrigerant to effectively capture CO2 by cooling flue gas below the thermodynamic de-sublimation temperature of CO2, shows promise due to its high efficiency and low water consumption, although it primarily targets emissions from natural gas combined cycle power plants. Direct air capture technologies, particularly those integrated with liquid electrolysis systems, offer a viable solution for capturing CO2 from dispersed emission sources, thereby overcoming the constraints of traditional stationary capture methods. This approach not only facilitates significant CO2 capture but also generates high-purity hydrogen, highlighting its dual benefit of mitigating climate change while producing valuable by-products. Moreover, the development of direct air capture with carbon storage (DACCS) is recognized for its lower land intensity compared to bioenergy with carbon capture or afforestation, despite its higher energy demands. DACCS, with its various forms under development, could significantly contribute to removing CO2 from the atmosphere, especially in scenarios with delayed climate policy or higher challenges to emissions mitigation. Post-combustion carbon capture using adsorption techniques, particularly with zeolites as adsorbents, is noted for its energy efficiency, ease of handling, lower cost, and minimal environmental risk. This method is advantageous for its high adsorption capacity and efficiency, making it a suitable option for industries looking to reduce their carbon footprint with minimal land use. These technologies represent a spectrum of carbon capture solutions that align with the goal of minimizing land use while effectively reducing atmospheric CO2 levels. Each technology offers unique advantages and is at various stages of development and commercialization, indicating a multifaceted approach to addressing the challenges of climate change.